Bahrain's major cities include A’ali, Muharraq, Riffa and Isa Town, with Manama being its capital. 1. Manama Manama, the capital city of Bahrain, serves as the economic and cultural heart of the nation. It is a bustling metropolis known for its modern skyline, vibrant souks and rich history. The city hosts numerous financial institutions and businesses, making it a central hub for commerce in the region. Key attractions include the Bahrain National Museum, the World Trade Centre and the Bab Al Bahrain souk, which offer a glimpse into the country's heritage and contemporary lifestyle. 2. A’ali A’ali is renowned for its rich archaeological significance, particularly the ancient burial mounds that date back to the Dilmun civilisation. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited areas in Bahrain and its historical sites attract both scholars and tourists. Besides its archaeological importance, A’ali is also known for its pottery industry, where traditional techniques have been preserved and passed down through generations. The town offers a blend of historical charm and modern residential developments. 3. Muharraq Muharraq, an island city, was once the capital of Bahrain and remains an important cultural centre. It is famous for its traditional Bahraini architecture and narrow alleyways that lead to historic homes and buildings, many of which have been restored as museums and cultural centres. The city is also home to Bahrain International Airport and the bustling Muharraq Souq, where visitors can experience a lively market atmosphere. Muharraq's rich heritage is showcased through landmarks such as the Sheikh Isa bin Ali House and the Arad Fort. 4. Riffa Riffa is one of the largest cities in Bahrain and is divided into two main sections: East Riffa and West Riffa. East Riffa is known for its commercial activities and retail centres, while West Riffa is predominantly residential, hosting many of the royal family members and elite. The city boasts several historical and recreational sites, including the Riffa Fort, which offers panoramic views of the surrounding areas. Additionally, Riffa is home to the Royal Golf Club, one of the premier golf courses in the region. 5. Isa Town Isa Town, named after Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, the former ruler of Bahrain, is a well-planned residential area known for its educational institutions and sporting facilities. The city houses the Bahrain National Stadium, the country's largest sports venue, which hosts various national and international events. Isa Town is also famous for its traditional markets, such as the Isa Town Market, where one can find an array of goods from fresh produce to textiles. The town's layout and infrastructure make it a convenient and desirable place to live.

Bahrain is situated at 26º North Latitude, three hours ahead of GMT. Its varied topography includes rocky deserts, lush vegetation, sandy beaches, traditional architecture and parks. The best climatic conditions are from November to March, with cool evenings in December and March. From May to September, the weather is very hot and humid, with temperatures ranging from 30º to 40º Celsius, often accompanied by hot, dry winds and sandstorms. For the rest of the year, temperatures range from 20º to 30º Celsius.

The Bahrain Public Transport Company operates over 20 bus routes across the Kingdom, connecting various governorates with safe and cost-effective transportation. Managed by the Ministry of Transportation and Telecommunications, the buses are well-equipped, ensuring high standards of safety and customer service. Taxis are widely available with several companies offering modern fleets at affordable rates. Drivers use meters to calculate fares, which are displayed transparently. Taxi ranks are conveniently located at airports, shopping malls and tourist spots and taxis can also be booked on demand.

Employers are required to provide health insurance for their expatriate workers, enabling them to access necessary medical treatment. Upon arrival, expatriate workers must undergo a medical test at approved medical centres to obtain the required medical insurance, which is a prerequisite for obtaining their Permit.

Bahraini cuisine showcases a fusion of Arabian, Persian and Indian influences, offering a diverse range of flavours and dishes. Vegan Dishes: Batata Harra, Tabbouleh, Baba Ghanoush, Foul, etc. Vegetarian Dishes: Jareesh, Falafel, Samboosa, Baharaini Mixed Veg Stew, etc. Non-Vegetarian dishes: Machboos, Harees, Samak Meshwi, Mahyawa, etc.

Labour laws in Bahrain govern the relationship between employers and employees. Workers are entitled to certain rights guaranteed by these laws. All expatriate workers in general categories (employed in companies/establishments) are covered by these provisions. However, domestic service workers (such as housemaids, house drivers, gardeners, etc.), agricultural workers in firms with fewer than 10 employees, crew members on ships under 500 tonnes and workers on short-term work visas are not covered by these laws. It's important to be aware of your rights to ensure your well-being, safety and fair treatment in your Bahrain. Here are some key rights you should know: You have the right to retain your original documents, including passport, visa and employment contract. Your working hours are regulated and you have the right to receive overtime compensation. You have the right to lodge complaints and seek protection if any of your rights are violated or if you have been exploited by your employer. If you believe you have been treated unfairly or discriminated against, you should seek assistance. You have the right to refuse overtime work. You are entitled to at least 30 minutes of rest after no more than five consecutive hours of work. You have the right to annual leave. After completing one year of service with your employer, you are entitled to 21 days of paid leave in advance. This entitlement increases to 30 days after five years of service. You are entitled to one day off each week. You have the right to public holidays. You have the right to take sick leave. You are entitled to receive your wages during periods of illness. You have the right to leave your workplace during your free time. You have the right to be paid for completed work, even in cases of arrest, resignation or termination. It's important to note that the Bahrain Labour Code does not allow workers to form unions, engage in collective bargaining or go on strike. Attempts to form a union can result in dismissal, imprisonment or deportation for migrant workers.

According to Bahraini Labour Law, a fixed-term contract ends upon its expiry and the employer must repatriate the worker. The employer cannot enforce such an agreement if termination or rejection of renewal occurs without justified cause from the employee. Continuation of work under the same terms after expiry implies automatic renewal for an indefinite period. For non-Bahraini contracts without a specific duration, the contract's duration matches the work permit. If a fixed-term contract includes a renewal clause for a similar or specified term, it must be renewed as agreed. Either party can terminate the contract by giving thirty days' notice, with the contract remaining effective during this period and both parties bound by its obligations. The employer may agree to a longer notice period upon termination. Termination of the contract can occur without notice during probation, upon failure of medical examination, by mutual consent, upon expiry of the contract term (unless extended), at the discretion of both parties in indefinite contracts or upon reaching retirement age (60 years for males, 55 for females), unless both parties agree to continue beyond retirement age. The employer can dismiss the worker without notice for various reasons including assault on management, failure to perform duties, disobedience, misconduct, causing financial loss, forgery to obtain employment, extended unauthorised absence, misuse of position or disclosure of confidential information. The worker can terminate the contract without notice if the employer fails to fulfil contractual obligations, engages in fraud during contracting, assigns work different from what was agreed upon without consent, commits violent or immoral acts, subjects the worker to cruelty or injustice, fails to address serious workplace hazards or violates contract terms. Termination without valid reason entitles the harmed party to compensation from the other party.

As a migrant worker in Bahrain, you have several responsibilities: Informing Employer about Leaves: Notify your employer in advance if you need to take leave for personal reasons or vacation. Failure to do so could lead to contract termination. Sickness and Medical Certificates: If you're unwell and unable to work, inform your employer promptly and obtain a medical certificate. Health Precautions: If you work outdoors, avoid sudden changes in temperature such as turning up the air conditioning too high immediately after returning indoors as this can lead to health issues like cardiac arrest. Health Awareness: Take precautions to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Respect for Culture: Respect Bahrain's cultural norms, food customs and dress modestly. Behaviour Towards Women: Treat women with respect; avoid teasing, ogling or staring at them. Legal and Ethical Conduct: Never engage in drug selling or abuse or any criminal activity. Avoid physical abuse or bullying based on ethnic, cultural, physical, religious or sectarian differences. Knowledge of Laws: Familiarise yourself with Bahraini laws, including traffic rules. Always use designated crossings like zebra crossings or overhead bridges. Workplace Regulations: Adhere to the rules and regulations of your workplace, displayed in a visible area. Document Renewal: Regularly check the expiry dates of your passport, residence permit and ID card. Renew your passport at the Pakistan Embassy and inform your employer in advance about other document renewals. Seeking Help: If you encounter problems at work, seek assistance from family, friends, your employer, the Embassy or Consulate of Bahrain, your recruitment agent or the Protector Office of India. Respect for Local Laws: Understand and comply with Bahraini laws, including immigration requirements and local ordinances. Ensure your visa and residence permits are always valid and follow their conditions. Cultural Integration: Learn about Bahraini culture, customs and social norms. Consider taking Arabic language courses to aid communication and integration. Community Involvement: Engage in local events, clubs and activities to meet people and integrate into Bahraini society. Respect diversity and build friendships across different backgrounds. Staying Informed: Stay updated on local news, events and regulatory changes that may impact your daily life. Be aware of local safety guidelines and emergency procedures and secure your personal belongings and documents. Waste Management: Ensure proper waste disposal by rinsing containers and sorting waste into designated recycling bins as required by local regulations. Tax Responsibilities: Understand the Bahraini tax system and fulfil your tax obligations promptly. Obtain a tax card from the tax authorities upon starting work in Bahrain, as failure to declare earnings can lead to legal penalties.

Bahrain is 2 hours and 30 minutes behind India. When it is noon in Bahrain, it is 2:30 PM in India. The flight distance between Bahrain and India varies depending on the destination within India but a common route from Bahrain to Mumbai covers approximately 2,500 kilometres (1,550 miles). The flight time for this route typically takes around 4 to 5 hours, depending on the airline, city of boarding as well as specific flight conditions.

A basic understanding of Arabic can enhance communication and help you integrate into society and workplaces more smoothly.

The currency of Bahrain is the Bahraini Dinar (BHD). As of June 2024, 1 Bahraini Dinar equals to 221.50 Indian Rupees.

India and Bahrain share a robust and mutually beneficial relationship founded on historical ties and shared values. Diplomatic relations between the two nations have steadily grown, bolstered by vibrant economic cooperation, cultural exchanges and a significant Indian expatriate community contributing to Bahrain's development. Both countries collaborate closely on various fronts, including trade, education, healthcare and defense, fostering a strong bond of friendship and partnership in the Gulf region.

According to the 2010 census by the Central Informatics Organisation, Bahrain had a total population of 1,234,571. By 2014, the estimated population was 1.316 million, projected to reach 1.592 million in 2020 and 2.128 million by 2030, up from 621,000 in 1999. The population growth rate averages 7.4%. Roughly half of the population is Arab, with native-born Bahrainis including some Palestinians, Omanis and Saudis. Foreign-born residents, making up about half of the population, mainly come from Iran, India, Pakistan, Britain and the United States. Approximately three-fifths of the labour force is foreign-born and 85% of the population resides in the capital city, Manama.

When offered refreshments, it's polite to accept. Remember to use your right hand for drinking and eating, as the left hand is considered unclean due to its use in personal hygiene. Avoid showing the soles of your shoes or feet as this can be seen as disrespectful. Keep your feet flat on the ground and avoid crossing your legs. If invited to an Arab's home, it's polite to accept. Your Arab host will be keen to learn about you and your perspectives, though it's best to avoid discussions on politics and religion, which can be sensitive topics. Upon entering the majlis (reception room), remove your footwear unless instructed otherwise by your host. If accompanied by a female companion, she may join the women's gathering. Expect to be offered refreshments, which you should accept as a gesture of hospitality. Arabs value politeness and expect respectful behaviour. Sharing a meal is seen as enhancing relationships. Learning basic Arabic greetings and pleasantries can greatly enrich your interactions and is appreciated by locals. While admiring possessions is natural, be mindful that expressing admiration might traditionally prompt an offer to gift the item, which could lead to awkwardness. It's also customary to reciprocate with a gift of greater value if you accept. Best Practices to Follow: Avoid offering alcoholic drinks unless you're sure your host drinks alcohol, as this can cause offence. Respect prayer customs; avoid walking on prayer mats or disrupting prayers. Always seek permission before entering a mosque and respect areas marked as off-limits to non-Muslims. During Ramadan, refrain from eating, drinking or smoking in public during daylight hours and avoid noisy or public displays of affection. Avoid behaviours that may cause embarrassment or loss of face for your Arab hosts, such as beckoning with a finger or displaying aggression or drunkenness.

The kafala system, used in GCC countries, Jordan and Lebanon, ties foreign workers to their local sponsors, typically their employers. However, Bahrain has taken notable steps towards reforming this system. In 2009, Bahrain became the first GCC country to claim it had repealed the kafala system. The Labour Market Regulatory Authority (LMRA) was established to replace employers as foreign workers' sponsors and a new flexible work permit was introduced. This permit allows around 10,000 migrants, who overstayed their visas due to employer abuse, to act as their own sponsors and seek temporary jobs for up to two years. The permit, which costs $80 USD monthly plus a one-time fee of $530 USD, is an initiative designed to grant greater autonomy to migrant workers. The 2009 Mobility Law further allowed migrant workers to switch employers without their sponsors' permission, provided they adhered to a notice period. Although some restrictions remain, such as a one-year job lock under Law No. 15 of 2011 and exclusions for sectors requiring professional licenses, these reforms signify a positive shift towards dismantling exploitative practices and enhancing worker rights. While there is still progress to be made, Bahrain's ongoing reforms demonstrate a commitment to improving conditions for migrant workers and providing greater freedom and protection.

The Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, has rolled out several services to assist individuals planning to work in Bahrain. These services include: 1) e-Migrate Visit the e-Migrate website (https://emigrate.gov.in/) for assistance with issues related to living and working in Bahrain. The e-Migrate website provides assistance in the following areas, among others: Online capturing of important data of the emigrant. Verification of credentials of Foreign Employers (FE) and Registered Recruitment Agencies (IRA). Online generation of employment contracts. Insurance of emigrants through Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana up to ₹10 Lakh. 2) Pravasi Bharatiya Sahayata Kendra (PBSK) PBSK is a facilitation centre that provides support services to individuals wishing to go abroad for employment purposes. PBSK provides or receives information and registers complaints on behalf of emigrants, channeling them to the relevant MEA officials (PGE/ POEs or Indian Embassies/ Consulates abroad) for action. PBSK includes 5 Kshetriya Pravasi Sahayata Kendras (KPSKs), formerly known as Migrant Resource Centres (MRCs), located in Delhi, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Chennai and Kochi. These centres operate in coordination with Protectors of Emigrants (PoEs) in these cities to assist emigrants who require face-to-face interaction for the resolution of grievances and queries. The KPBSK operates a 24x7 helpline (1800113090) providing need-based information to emigrants and their families through a toll-free number. 3) Protector General of Emigrants (PGE) The Protector General of Emigrants (PGE) in the Ministry of External Affairs is responsible for protecting the interests of Indian workers proceeding abroad for employment purposes. Protectors of Emigrants (PoE) are responsible for granting emigration clearance to intending emigrants as per the procedure prescribed under the Emigration Act, 1983. The PGE is responsible for inspecting any conveyance that emigrants are departing on to or arriving from a place outside India. The PGE also enquires into the treatment received by emigrants during their journey to the destination country, during their residence there and during the return journey to India. The PGE aids and advises emigrants who have returned to India as far as reasonably possible. 4) Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PKVY) Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PKVY) is a skill development initiative to help youth undertake industry-relevant skill training. Currently, the NSDC has set up Skill India International Centres (SIIC) in various parts of the country. Key Sectors: Domestic Workers, Retail, Tourism & Hospitality, Capital Goods, Healthcare, Construction, Automotive and Security. 5) Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY) Before applying for Emigration Clearance (EC) on eMigrate, it is important to take Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY). The PBBY premium is ₹275 for two years of insurance and ₹375 for three years of insurance. The details of the ‘nominee’ should be correctly filled in. Benefits: Death or Disability Cover: ₹10 Lakhs in case of accidental death or permanent disability. Repatriation Facilities in Case of Death: The cost of transportation of mortal remains to India. Air Fare for Attendant: Economy class return airfare to the nearest international airport in India. Repatriation Expenses: Actual one-way economy class airfare to the nearest international airport in India. Medical cover: Medical cover in case of hospitalisation of the insured worker up to ₹1,00,000 (₹50,000 per hospitalisation with a maximum of two). Hospitalisation Cover: Hospitalisation cover for the family in the event of death or permanent disability of the insured person up to ₹50,000. Maternity Expenses: ₹35,000 for normal delivery and ₹50,000 for caesarean operation. Legal Expenses: Up to ₹45,000. List of Authorised Insurance Companies Where You Can Buy PBBY Insurance: 6) Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF) ICWF aims to provide the following services to emigrant workers: Boarding and lodging for distressed overseas Indian workers in household/domestic sectors and unskilled labourers. Extending emergency medical care to overseas Indians in need. Providing assistance to distressed NRI women. Providing air passage to stranded overseas Indians in need. Providing initial legal assistance to overseas Indians in deserving cases. Paying small fines/penalties in deserving cases. Extending help in case of accidents and for airlifting the mortal remains to India or local cremation/burial of deceased overseas Indians where the sponsor is unable or unwilling to do so as per the contract and the family is not in a position to meet the cost.

Bahrain embraces a rich mix of communities and cultures. Indian residents have set up schools and social groups through the Coordination Committee of Indian Associations (CCIA). Despite Islam being the predominant religion of the native people, Bahrain welcomes non-Muslims to build churches, temples and gurudwaras, showing its support for religious diversity and tolerance.

Approximately 350,000 Indian nationals reside in Bahrain, constituting the largest expatriate community in the country out of a total population of 1.2 million. The history of Indians in Bahrain dates back to the Dilmun civilisation around 3000 BCE, when Bahrain served as a crucial trade link between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley civilisation. The predominant languages spoken by Indians in Bahrain are Hindi and Arabic. The substantial presence of over 350,000 Indian nationals in Bahrain is a significant aspect of India's bilateral relations with the country. There is considerable alignment between Bahrain and India on various global issues. Founded in December 2007, the Bahrain India Society has actively promoted relations between the two nations - visit their website at https://bahindsociety.org/.

Indian nationals wishing to work in Bahrain require a Work Visa or Work Permit, with the application typically managed by the employer. The process involves the following steps: Employer Application: The employer applies for a work permit with the Ministry of Labour Services Department. Visa Authorization: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs thereafter issues a Visa Authorization Number. Visa Application: The applicant can then apply for a work visa at the Bahrain Embassy in India. Residency Permit: The employer must apply for the employee's residency permit within 90 days of their arrival in Bahrain. The Work Visa allows Indian expatriates to work in Bahrain for a specific period and also enables them to bring their families on a Family Visit Visa. Eligibility for Bahrain Work Visa To be eligible for a Bahrain Work Visa, you must meet the following criteria: Valid Passport: You must possess a passport valid for at least 6 months from the travel date. Sponsorship: You must be sponsored by a Bahrain company or organisation. Invitation Letter: You must have an invitation letter from the Bahrain organisation, attested by the Ministry of Labour Services Department in Bahrain. Purpose: Your visit must be for work activities in technical professions such as engineering, architecture, etc. Regulatory Visa Framework for Indian Skilled Workforce The law governing immigration in Bahrain is the Aliens (Immigration and Residence) Act, 1965 (“Bahrain Aliens Act”). As per Section 5 of the Act, a foreigner must hold a valid passport or a satisfactory travel document with a valid entry visa to Bahrain, except with the permission of the immigration director. Employers are required to arrange and process the necessary documents with the Labour Market Regulatory Authority prior to the arrival of their employees and dependents. Employers must apply for visa renewal before its expiry. Steps for Processing the Work Visa Gather the required supporting documents. Employer applies for the Work Permit. Payment of Work Visa application fees. Receipt of Bahrain Work Visa. Additional information on Bahraini visas can be accessed from the following sources: Bahrain’s Official Portal for e-Visas Bahrain’s Official Portal for Labour Market Regulatory Authority

In Bahrain, Arabic is the official language and widely spoken across the country. English is also widely used, especially in business and commerce and is taught in schools as a second language. Additionally, due to the multicultural nature of Bahrain, languages such as Urdu, Farsi and Malayalam are spoken by significant expatriate communities within the country.

Indian expatriates residing and working in Bahrain may encounter several challenges, including: Cultural Adjustment: Adapting to a new culture and way of life can prove challenging. Differences in customs, language and social norms may require time and effort to navigate, such as establishing social networks and friendships beyond the expatriate community. Lack of Familiar Foods and Products: Locating specific Indian foods or products can be difficult, necessitating adjustment to a different cuisine. Additionally, finding vegetarian food or suitable restaurants can often be daunting. Language Barrier: While many Bahrainis speak English fluently, not knowing Arabic can still pose communication challenges, particularly in daily interactions and certain job sectors. Weather and Climate: Bahrain features a desert climate, with the southwestern region exhibiting a semi-arid climate. Summers in the central areas are extremely hot and dry, ranging from 26°C to 45°C inland and 24°C to 37°C along the coast. Cost of Living: The average cost of living in Bahrain is 145% higher than in India. Bahrain ranks 69th among the most expensive countries globally, contrasting with India's 189th position. Work-Life Balance: Bahrain offers opportunities to spend quality time with family or pursue personal interests, making it an attractive place for those seeking a peaceful lifestyle. Loneliness and Homesickness: Being far from family and home country can lead to feelings of loneliness and homesickness, particularly during holidays or significant events. Despite these challenges, many Indian migrants have successfully settled in Bahrain and found ways to overcome them. Support networks, cultural awareness and a willingness to learn and adapt can facilitate the transition and enrich the overall experience.

Bahrain recently shifted its weekend to Fridays and Saturdays to align with the global standard, ensuring a shared weekend with the rest of the world.

A written employment contract signed by the employer and an expatriate employee is mandatory under Bahraini Labour Law, specifying a fixed duration. The law protects all types of employees—part-time, full-time, local or expatriate—who receive wages from an employer and work under their supervision. The contract must be in Arabic, but if in another language alongside Arabic, the Arabic text prevails in case of disputes. Key provisions in the contract include details such as the employer and employee's names and addresses, job title, work location, contract duration, probation period, agreed wage, provision of free food or food allowance, accommodation details, working hours, overtime compensation, vacation entitlements, airfare, medical insurance, end-of-service benefits, provisions for repatriation of mortal remains to India in case of death, dispute resolution procedures, etc.

Entry into Bahrain for employment, tourism, social visits or business requires sponsorship by an individual, business, organisation or diplomatic mission. Employment visas are facilitated by sponsors who arrange residence permits and insurance for employees within 30 days of arrival. 1. Eligibility for Employment in Bahrain To work in Bahrain, individuals must be aged 18-60, physically fit and meet educational and professional criteria specified by Bahraini authorities or fill specific worker categories. A valid passport with at least six months' validity is required and employment must be secured through a formal contract with an employer. 2. Finding Work Opportunities in Bahrain Indian workers seeking employment opportunities in Bahrain can explore job openings through National Skill Development Corporation International (NSDCI). To view the latest jobs available, use the following link - NSDCI Job Opportunities. 3. Indian Recruitment Agencies (IRAs) Indian Recruitment Agencies (IRAs) act as intermediaries between potential workers and employers in Bahrain. They assist workers in finding suitable jobs, obtaining necessary travel/employment documents and understanding the terms of employment contracts. In summary, IRAs are persons or companies registered with the PGE for recruiting Indian citizens for employment abroad. To avoid fraudulent practices, ensure that you only engage with legitimate and licensed recruitment agencies. A list of all registered IRAs is available at Registered IRAs and a list of unregistered/illegal IRAs whose services should not be used can be found here. It is advisable to contact the office of PGE/PoE or visit emigrate.gov.in for clarification regarding the status of an IRA. It is also recommended that you insist upon verifying the legitimacy of the agency. It is essential to avoid engaging with sub-agents, as they are not authorised to act as IRAs in accordance with the provisions of the Emigration Act, 1983 and its corresponding rules. 4. Identifying Licensed Indian Recruitment Agencies To prevent fraudulent practices, it is crucial to differentiate between licensed and unlicensed recruitment agencies. The following points can help in making this distinction: Registered agents will prominently display their Registration Certificate (RC), issued by the Protector General of Emigrants (PGE), in their office premises. Additionally, a noticeable signboard in front of the business premises should display the Recruiting Agent’s name, registration number and year of registration. Ensure that the RC is valid and not expired. If the recruiting agent is authorised to operate from additional premises, an attested copy of the registration certificate endorsed by the registering authority will be displayed prominently at such branch offices. A registered RA will have office premises of at least 50 square metres with necessary amenities, including a waiting hall, interview room, internet facility and other office amenities. Unregistered RAs may operate from inadequate or questionable office premises lacking essential amenities. They will have arrangements for skill testing for trades for which they recruit intending emigrants. Charges that the recruiting agent may recover for their services shall not exceed the equivalent of wages for 45 days as per the employment contract, subject to a maximum of Rs. 30,000. 5. Responsibilities of Indian Recruiting Agencies Recruitment agencies shall: Provide you with employment details, including contract conditions, before recruitment. Ensure your proper reception by the employer in Bahrain. Ensure that the employer does not alter the terms of the employment contract after recruitment. Ensure timely action by the employer for renewal of documents authorising your stay in Bahrain. Facilitate amicable settlement of disputes between you and the employer. Issue receipts for payments made by you. Publish only genuine and factually correct advertisements, refraining from inducement or misrepresentation. You should request the IRA to show the Demand Letter and Power of Attorney from the employer and verify the employer's credentials through a known contact or the Indian Embassy/Consulate in Bahrain. You can also refer to the eMigrate portal to ensure that the employer is not listed in the Prior Approval Category (PAC) List, which includes foreign employers barred from recruiting from India for violating provisions of the Emigration Act. The PAC list is available at PAC List. Ensure that the employer adheres to the terms and conditions of the employment contract. For more information on IRAs, you can refer to the link provided: MEA - Recruiting Agents. 6. Complaint Against IRAs There are instances where you may be taken undue advantage of, in such a case, consider filing a complaint. Complaints of overcharging or cheating against RA can be lodged with: To find FAQs related to complaints against Recruitment Agents (RA), you can visit the Ministry of External Affairs’ website at https://mea.gov.in/complaints-against-recruiting-agents.html

Considering employment in a foreign country like Bahrain presents promising opportunities and competitive wages. However, before committing to such a big move, it's crucial to evaluate several key factors to ensure it aligns with your goals and circumstances. 1) Costs Associated with Migration Economic Costs: Includes recruitment fees, passport, visa, emigration clearance, insurance and airfare (ideally covered by the employer). Social Costs: Leaving behind family members such as elderly parents, spouse and children. Health Costs: Potential physical and mental discomfort due to separation from loved ones. 2) Benefits of Migration EconomicBenefits: Higher wages and favourable currency exchange rates. Social Benefits: Exposure to a new culture, cuisine and diverse perspectives. Upskilling: Opportunity to acquire skills and technological expertise. Personal Growth: Lifelong professional development and enriching experiences. 3) Financial Considerations Now that you have compared the costs and benefits of migration, it's important to consider other financial aspects of moving to Bahrain. Here are some key considerations: Debt: Debt should be the last resort for funding migration. Ensure you can repay any borrowed money without hindering your goals. Accumulated debt can derail even the best-laid plans. Currency and Exchange Rates: Each country has its own currency with varying exchange rates. Familiarise yourself with these rates to always be on the safer side when it comes to financial planning. Cost of Living: Living in Bahrain is more expensive than in India. Even if accommodation and transport are provided by your employer, research costs such as food, travel and entertainment. Budget for both essential and non-essential expenses and include a buffer for unexpected events. Insurance: Before migrating, ensure you have adequate insurance to protect against unforeseen circumstances, as accessing public or private services may be costly. Understand the types of insurance you may need and how to make claims. 4) Managing Money Financial literacy is crucial for living comfortably in Bahrain and achieving your goals. Key aspects include: Budgeting: Plan a monthly budget to manage expenses effectively and stick to your spending plan. Saving: Prioritise saving by setting aside money from your salary for future expenses. Investing: Consider options such as fixed deposits, recurring deposits, mutual funds and shares to grow your savings. Emergency Fund: Build an emergency fund before migrating to cover unexpected expenses. Aim to save at least three months' worth of living expenses. Educating yourself about financial matters before migration empowers you to make informed decisions and maximise your employment opportunity in Bahrain.

Bahrain's economy is renowned for its diversity within the Gulf region, with the non-oil sector contributing 83.1% to the total real GDP as of 2022. This achievement underscores the country's concerted efforts in economic diversification, supported by strong collaboration between public and private sectors. Bahrain's favourable regulatory environment and business-friendly policies have effectively attracted foreign investments. Although it was the first in the region to discover oil in 1932, Bahrain is expected to deplete its reserves sooner than others. Consequently, the country has focused on developing a robust economy beyond oil, including sectors like petrochemicals, aluminium refining and manufacturing.

A5: For emigration clearance to work in Bahrain, you'll need a passport valid for at least six months with an emigration clearance sticker, a valid working visa for Bahrain, an attested employment contract or permission letter from the Indian Mission/Post, ID documents like Aadhar card and marriage certificate (if applicable), Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana policy document, a medical certificate with test receipt and a list of emergency contact numbers.

A1: ECR (Emigration Check Required) passports are issued to individuals who have not completed their 10th grade education or cannot provide proof of higher educational qualifications. Holders of ECR passports intending to work in 18 specific countries must undergo an emigration check to ensure safe employment. In contrast, Non-ECR (Emigration Check Not Required) passports are for those who have completed at least their 10th grade education or possess higher qualifications, exempting them from emigration checks when traveling for employment purposes.

A3: Managing your finances effectively in Bahrain involves mastering basic skills like budgeting, saving, investing and ensuring the security of your funds. Consider opening a Non-Resident External (NRE) account in India before departure for a safe way to hold and transfer funds back to India without taxation on earned interest.

A2: If your job offer in Bahrain is through a Recruiting Agent (RA), Project Exporter (PE) or Foreign Employer (FE) with a valid permit, they will secure Emigration Clearance (EC) for you via the eMigrate portal. If the recruitment is directly from a Foreign Employer without RA, you can apply for EC online through the eMigrate portal. The application will be processed by the jurisdictional Protector of Emigrants (PoE) office and upon approval, you will receive EC electronically, enabling you to legally work in Bahrain.

A4: To open a bank account in Bahrain as an Indian expatriate, you should select a bank that meets your needs, gather required documents such as your passport with residency visa, proof of address and proof of employment, visit the bank branch to fill out an application form, undergo document verification and approval and potentially make an initial deposit.

An ECR passport is issued to those who haven't completed 10th grade. Non-ECR is for those with 10th grade or higher education. ECR holders for certain countries may need emigration clearance.

The UAE's booming economy thrives on migrant workers, with opportunities in construction, wholesale & retail trade, travel & tourism, healthcare, transportation & warehousing and even the growing tech sector.

To open an NRE account in the UAE as a Non-Resident Indian (NRI), you'll typically need documents like passport, UAE residency proof, Indian address proof and NRI status verification (work visa etc.). While some banks offer online applications, others might require a branch visit. Check with your preferred bank for their specific requirements and process.

You can apply for a passport online through the Passport Seva website (https://www.passportindia.gov.in/). The steps involve registering, logging in, filling out an application form, scheduling an appointment and visiting the passport office with your documents.

ECR passport holders working in UAE need Emigration Clearance (EC). If recruited by a Registered Agent (RA) or Project Exporter (PE) with valid permits, they handle your EC through the eMigrate portal. Otherwise, you can apply yourself on the eMigrate portal if directly recruited by a Foreign Employer (FE). You can find the latest process details on the Passport Seva Website.

The Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India offers a range of services to assist migrants. These include e-Migrate for online assistance with living and working abroad, Pravasi Bharatiya Sahayata Kendra (PBSK) for support services and complaint resolution, Protector General of Emigrants (PGE) for emigration clearance and protection of workers' interests, Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PKVY) for skill development, Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY) for insurance coverage and the Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF) for various forms of assistance to distressed overseas Indian workers.

The United Arab Emirates' flag is a beautiful symbol of unity and progress. The colours hold meanings that reflect the nation's values. The red stripe represents courage and determination, the green signifies growth and prosperity, white symbolises peace and purity and black stands for strength and solidarity.

The Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, has implemented several services to assist individuals planning to work abroad. These services include: 1) e-Migrate You can visit the e-Migrate website (https://emigrate.gov.in/) for assistance with issues related to living and working abroad. The e-Migrate website provides assistance in various areas, including but not limited to: Online capturing of important emigrant data. Verification of credentials of Foreign Employers (FE) and Registered Recruitment Agencies (IRA). Online generation of employment contracts. Insurance coverage for emigrants through the Pravasi Bhartiya Bima Yojana, up to Rs. 10 lakhs. 2) Pravasi Bharatiya Sahayata Kendra (PBSK) PBSK serves as a facilitation centre offering support services to individuals intending to go abroad for employment purposes. PBSK receives and provides information or registers complaints on behalf of emigrants, channeling them to the relevant MEA officials (Protectors General of Emigrants, Protectors of Emigrants or Indian Embassies/Consulates in foreign countries) for action. It operates a 24x7 helpline (1800113090) providing information to emigrants and their families. The setup of PBSK also includes five Kshetriya Pravasi Sahayata Kendras (KPSKs), formerly known as Migrant Resource Centres (MRCs), located in Delhi, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Chennai and Kochi. These centres operate in coordination with Protectors of Emigrants (PoEs) in these cities, assisting emigrants needing face-to-face interaction for grievance redressal and queries. 3) Protector General of Emigrants (PGE) The Protector General of Emigrants (PGE) in the Ministry of External Affairs is responsible for safeguarding the interests of Indian workers proceeding abroad for employment. PGEs grant emigration clearance to intending emigrants as per procedures outlined in the Emigration Act, 1983. They also inspect emigrant conveyances departing or arriving in India, enquire about emigrants' treatment during their journey and residence abroad and offer assistance and advice to returning emigrants. 4) Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PKVY) PKVY is a skill development initiative aiming to provide industry-relevant skill training to youth. The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) has established Skill India International Centres (SIICs) across the country, focusing on sectors such as domestic work, retail, tourism, hospitality, capital goods, healthcare, construction, automotive and security. 5) Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY) Before applying for Emigration clearance (EC) on eMigrate, it's essential to enrol in the Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY). PBBY offers insurance coverage for accidental death and permanent disability, with premiums of Rs. 275 for two years or Rs. 375 for three years. Claims can be made online via the eMigrate portal, with further information available through PBSK. 6) Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF) ICWF aims to provide various services to emigrant workers, including boarding and lodging for distressed Overseas Indian workers, emergency medical care, assistance for distressed NRI women, air passage for stranded Overseas Indians, initial legal assistance, payment of fines/penalties in deserving cases and support for accidental death or repatriation of mortal remains. Documents required for transportation of mortal remains include a power of attorney and consent from the legal heir, clinical death certificate, embalming certificate, passport for cancellation and a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the Indian Mission/Post.

The employment of workers in the United Arab Emirates is regulated by Federal Decree-Law No. (33) of 2021, known as the Employment Relationship Regulation. This law mandates that employers must obtain a work permit from the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation (MoHRE) before hiring any worker in the UAE. Penalties: Article 60(3) of the Employment Relationship Regulation imposes fines ranging from INR 11,17,000 to INR 44,68,000 for misuse of work permits. Application Process: Job Offer: An UAE-based employer provides a job offer letter to the prospective employee. Work Permit Application: The employer applies for a work permit on behalf of the employee, submitting necessary documents such as passport and educational qualifications. Entry Visa Application: Once the work permit is approved, the employee applies for an entry visa, providing additional documents if necessary. Residence Permit: Upon receiving the entry visa, the employee undergoes immigration procedures to obtain a residence permit and Emirates ID card. Types of Work Permits: MoHRE issues various types of work permits depending on job requirements. Some permits relevant to Indian citizens include: Work permit for hiring workers from abroad Work permit for transferring workers between establishments Temporary work permit for specific jobs or projects Freelance permit for self-sponsored foreigners Service Fees: Service fees for work permits vary based on the company's classification (A, B or C), ranging from INR 5,585 to INR 77,073. This classification is based on the company's compliance with UAE labour laws and relevant regulations.

Do's: Know the Laws: Be aware of UAE laws, especially labour laws, to understand rights and obligations. Keep Important Contact Numbers: Maintain a list of essential contact numbers for emergencies and support services. Report Abuse and Grievances: Report any abuse or grievances promptly to the relevant authorities. Maintain Records: Keep essential documents and information updated and share them with trusted contacts. Use Legal Remittance Schemes: Ensure money transactions comply with legal remittance channels. Plan for Retirement: Start a pension scheme early and invest wisely for future financial security. Protect Against Identity Theft: Safeguard personal information and be vigilant against identity theft. Have Insurance Cover: Obtain necessary insurance coverage for medical and life protection. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: Practice regular exercise and maintain a healthy lifestyle suitable for the job. Legal Preparedness: Have a legally acceptable will and mandatory unemployment insurance. Don'ts: Avoid Religious Controversy: Refrain from posting controversial religious views on social media to prevent offense. Respect Traditions and Privacy: Avoid violating cultural norms, taking pictures of restricted areas or posting images without consent. Protect Personal Information: Never share sensitive information like passwords or PINs with anyone. Alcohol Consumption: Do not consume alcohol in public areas unless permitted by appropriate licensing. Avoid Blank Signatures: Never sign blank documents or cheques to prevent misuse. Don’t Abscond: Instead of fleeing, report issues to relevant authorities for resolution.

Before deciding on moving to Dubai, here are a few costs of migration that you must consider. Economic Costs: Includes recruitment fee, passport, visa, emigration clearance and insurance. Social Costs: You might be leaving behind your elderly parents, spouse and children. Health Costs: The physical and mental distress caused due to moving to another country. However, it also comes with its own benefits like: Higher wages and currency exchange A chance to experience a different culture Diversified work experience

Basic knowledge of the local language can ease communication and facilitate integration into the society and workplaces. Here are some basic phrases that you can learn to ensure a smooth transition:

Traditional clothing reflects the cultural heritage and Islamic values of the region. For men, the traditional attire typically includes the "kandura" or "thobe," which is a long, ankle-length robe usually made of lightweight white fabric, worn with a headscarf called the "ghutra" or "keffiyeh" and secured with an "agal," a black cord. Women often wear the "abaya," a loose-fitting, black robe that covers the body from the shoulders to the feet, often paired with a headscarf called the "shayla" or "hijab." While traditional attire is common, western-style clothing is also widely worn, especially in urban areas and among expatriates. However, it's important to dress modestly and respectfully, particularly in public places and during religious occasions.

Before oil was discovered in the 1950s, the UAE's economy relied on subsistence activities like farming and pearling. Post-discovery, under Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan's leadership, the nation's oil wealth fuelled a transformation in infrastructure, education and healthcare, establishing a modern government framework. These investments catalysed rapid growth, elevating the UAE's GDP per capita to over $50,000 by 2023, surpassing the UK and most of Europe. The UAE's evolution has brought significant social and cultural shifts, transforming it into a vibrant multicultural hub with over 200 nationalities. Key areas of transformation include: Infrastructure: The UAE boasts world-class infrastructure, with top-tier roads, airports and ports. Education: Investment in education has yielded a system that rivals the best globally, achieving a literacy rate of 98.2% among young adults. Healthcare: A state-of-the-art healthcare system has elevated life expectancies to over 79 for males and 83 for females. Government: The UAE features a modern, efficient and transparent government, enhancing service delivery and accountability. Economy: With a GDP of $486 billion in 2022, the UAE has successfully diversified its economy beyond oil, becoming a pivotal trade, tourism and finance centre.

Indian nationals can obtain a standard employment visa in the UAE under the following conditions: Employed in the private sector or government sector/free zone. The employer must initiate the application process for the standard work (residence) visa. Documents Required for Standard Work Visa: When applying for a UAE work visa as an Indian national, the following documents are necessary: Valid Indian passport with a minimum validity of six months. Copy of employment contract or offer letter from the UAE company. Copies of educational certificates attested by relevant authorities. Experience certificates for experienced employees, attested by previous employers. Recent passport-sized photographs with a white background. Completed visa application form. Medical fitness certificate from an authorised medical centre. Emirates ID application form. Visa Application Steps: The visa application process can be completed through digital channels, customer happiness centres or Amer service centres. The steps include: Filling the application form with accurate details. Submission of required documents. Payment of service fees. The visa fee structure includes: Residence Visa fee: AED 200 (INR 4530) Additional charges: Knowledge dirham (AED 10, INR 226.5) and Innovation dirham (AED 10, INR 226.5) Fee inside the country: AED 500 (INR 11327) Delivery fee: AED 20 (INR 453)

Migrant workers in the United Arab Emirates must comprehend and adhere to their responsibilities to uphold a positive and respectful work environment. Proper Leave Notification: Notify the employer well in advance for any leave, preventing disruption to work schedules. Sickness Reporting: Inform the employer promptly about illnesses and provide medical certificates for transparency. Safety in Extreme Weather: Take precautions in extreme weather conditions to prevent health risks. Health Precautions: Practice safe behaviours to prevent the spread of diseases, including HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Respect for Host Country's Culture: Respect local customs, traditions and dress codes, fostering positive relationships. Respect for Women: Treat women with dignity and respect, avoiding inappropriate behaviour. Avoiding Illegal Activities: Refrain from engaging in any illegal activities, including drug abuse or discrimination. Knowledge of Local Laws: Familiarise oneself with UAE laws and adhere to them, including traffic rules for safety. Adherence to Workplace Regulations: Follow workplace rules and regulations to maintain order and safety. Document Management: Keep important documents updated and inform employers about renewals. Seeking Help: Reach out for assistance in case of problems or disputes, utilising available support channels.

The UAE boasts a vibrant job market rich in opportunities for international talent, making it a prime destination for Indian migrants across multiple sectors. Workforce Landscape and Trends The UAE's labour force participation rate rose to 82.2% in December 2022 from 81.3% the prior year, encompassing a 6.5 million-strong workforce across agriculture, industry and services. In 2018, the UAE's unemployment rate stood at a low 2.2%. A study done by NSDC notes that UAE stands as the 6th leading destination for international migrants, with migrants constituting 88% of its population in 2019. Opportunity Landscape across Key Sectors An NSDC 2022 study forecasts that the UAE will need about one million Indian workers in the next five years, spanning sectors like: Construction Wholesale & Retail Trade Travel & Tourism Human Health & Social Work Transportation & Warehousing Technology Kafala System in UAE Kafala is a legal framework followed by the Gulf countries, including UAE. Key points about the Kafala system include: It falls in the jurisdiction of interior ministries rather than the labour ministries. It allows companies and local individuals to employ foreign labourers. It covers the travel expenses and housing for the migrant worker. Workers' employment and residency visas are linked and only sponsors can renew or terminate them. This gives sponsors a great deal of control over the worker's life, including the ability to change jobs, leave the country or even leave the employer's home. The Kafala system comes with certain risks like exploitation of workers with limited rights and legal status. However, the UAE government is constantly reforming it. In 2021, the government announced that migrant workers don’t need the employer’s permission to switch jobs.

From a modest population of 344,000 in 1971, the UAE has burgeoned to over 9.5 million people by 2023.

Transport in the UAE heavily rely on roadways, with no railways or waterways. The country features numerous ports, over 40 airports and a well-developed network for domestic and international flights. Dubai also boasts a modern metro system.

Foreign nationals intending to work in the UAE must acquire a Residency Visa in addition to a work permit, which is facilitated by their employer. This visa is granted by the General Directorate of Residency and Foreigners Affairs (GDRFA) and is essential for legal employment in the country. There are three primary categories of residence visas for employment purposes in the UAE: Standard Work Visa: Designed for individuals employed in either the government or private sectors. Green Visa for Work: A specialised visa granted to skilled employees, offering a longer validity period of up to 5 years. Domestic Worker Visa: Exclusively provided to individuals working as domestic helpers in households within the UAE.

1. Legislation Overview: The entry and residence of foreign citizens in the UAE are governed by Federal Decree-Law No. (29) of 2021, commonly referred to as the "Dubai Entry Law." 2. Regulatory Authority: The Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation (MoHRE) is responsible for executing the Dubai Entry Law. 3. Professional Classification: MoHRE classifies employment into nine professional levels based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) by the International Labour Organization. These levels include: Level 1: Legislators, managers and business executives Level 2: Professionals in scientific, technical and human fields Level 3: Technicians in scientific, technical and humanitarian fields Level 4: Writing professionals Level 5: Service and sales occupations Level 6: Skilled workers in agriculture, fisheries and animal husbandry Level 7: Craftsmen in construction, mining and other trades Level 8: Operators and assemblers of machinery and equipment Level 9: Simple professions 4. Criteria for Skilled Work: To be engaged in 'skilled work,' a labourer must meet the following conditions: Belong to professional levels one to five as mentioned above. Hold a certificate higher than a secondary certificate or an equivalent. Have the certificate attested by competent authorities. Earn a monthly salary (excluding commission) not less than INR 90618 (equivalent to AED 4,000). 5. Regulatory Visa Framework for Indian Skilled Workforce: While there is no specific regulatory framework for Indian skilled workers under the Dubai Entry Law or MoHRE policy, Indian citizens meeting certain criteria can obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum of 14 days if they: Hold an Indian passport. Possess a visit visa or green card issued by the United States of America (USA) or a residence visa issued by the United Kingdom (UK) or European Union (EU), valid for at least six months from the date of arrival in the UAE.

Arabic is the official language of the United Arab Emirates and is widely used in government, business and everyday communication. English is also widely spoken and serves as the common language, especially in the business and tourism sectors.

The Emirates ID stands as a cornerstone of identity verification within the United Arab Emirates, mandated for all citizens and residents by the Federal Authority for Identity, Citizenship, Customs and Ports Security (ICP). This national identity card serves as a pivotal document facilitating various administrative, financial and regulatory processes integral to life in the UAE. Significance: Emirates ID serves as a tool for seamless interaction with governmental bodies, enabling access to an array of essential services. It also holds a lot of importance in commercial transactions, particularly in the field of banking. Moreover, it streamlines utility bill payments, aids in vehicle registration and facilitates the settlement of traffic fines. Crucially, Emirates ID plays a pivotal role in affirming residency status at UAE airports. Components: Emirates ID holds essential personal information including the cardholder's photograph, biometric data and date of birth. Its most distinctive feature is the inclusion of a unique 15-digit identity number, essential for verification across governmental and private entities. Application Process: Applying for an Emirates ID necessitates the provision of requisite documentation, notably a valid passport and residency or entry permit. Applicants can opt for an expedited online application process also. Alternatively, physical application through customer care centres extends the processing time to five days. Cost Structure: The acquisition of an Emirates ID entails financial considerations encompassing various fees: Card Issuance Fee (valid for five years): AED 100 (approx. INR 2265) Service Fee: AED 150 (approx. INR 3397.5) Typing Centre Fee: AED 30 (approx. INR 678) Additional fees for Urgent Service: AED 150 (approx. INR 3397.5)

The UAE is usually 1 hour and 30 minutes ahead of Indian Standard Time (IST). For example, if it's 12:00 PM IST in India, it would be 1:30 PM GST (Gulf Standard Time) in the UAE.

The currency of the United Arab Emirates is the UAE Dirham, abbreviated as AED. As of April 2024, 1 AED is equivalent to 22.72 Indian Rupees (INR).

Living and working in the UAE presents unique challenges for Indian migrants, including: 1. Cultural Adjustment: The transition to a more conservative culture can be challenging. Adapting to the social norms may require significant adjustment, particularly for those accustomed to India's diverse cultural landscape. 2. Language Barrier: Arabic is the official language, posing a challenge for those not proficient in it. While English is commonly used in business settings, everyday tasks like shopping or interacting with local authorities may prove difficult without knowledge of Arabic. 3. Weather and Climate: UAE's desert climate brings scorching temperatures, especially during summer, with inland areas reaching up to 42°C and desert regions soaring as high as 55°C. Coastal areas offer some relief but still maintain warm temperatures averaging between 27°C to 38°C. 4. Cost of Living: The UAE's higher cost of living compared to India can strain finances. With expenses averaging significantly higher, maintaining a comfortable standard of living may require careful budgeting and adjustment to spending habits. 5. Loneliness and Homesickness: Distance from family and familiar surroundings can lead to feelings of isolation and longing for home, particularly during holidays or significant life events. Managing these emotions while maintaining a healthy work-life balance is crucial for overall well-being. Despite these challenges, many Indian migrants have successfully integrated into the UAE society by building support networks, fostering cultural awareness and demonstrating a willingness to adapt. These strategies can help ease the transition and enhance the overall experience of living and working in the UAE.

The United Arab Emirates is not prone to major natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes or tsunamis due to its geographical location. However, it does experience occasional sandstorms, especially during the summer months.

A. NSDC International You can apply for jobs in the UAE online through the online portal of National Skill Development Corporation International. Link: https://www.nsdcinternational.com/looking-for-jobs B. Indian Recruitment Agencies (IRAs) Indian Recruitment Agencies (IRAs) serve as vital intermediaries connecting prospective workers with employment opportunities in the UAE. These agencies facilitate job searches, assist in obtaining necessary travel and employment documents and provide clarity on employment contract terms. To ensure a legitimate and secure process, individuals should engage only with licensed IRAs, steering clear of unauthorised sub-agents. Adherence to the Emigration Act of 1983 and its associated regulations is crucial in safeguarding against fraudulent practices. Additionally, the Government of the UAE offers an online portal, "Dubai Careers," as a resource for job seekers to explore available opportunities. Identifying Licensed Indian Recruitment Agencies To prevent fraudulent practices, it's essential to differentiate between licensed and unlicensed recruitment agencies. The following points can assist you in making this distinction: a) Registered agents will prominently display their Registration Certificate (RC), issued by the Protector General of Emigrants (PGE), in their office premises. You will also find a noticeable signboard in front of the business premises should show the Recruiting Agent's name, registration number and year of registration. Ensure that the RC is valid and not expired. b) If the recruiting agent is authorized to carry on business at additional premises, an attested copy of the registration certificate with an endorsement by the registering authority will be displayed at noticeable place in the business premises of such Branch Office. c) A registered RA will have office premises of at least 50 square meters of built-up area with necessary amenities, such as a waiting hall, interview room, internet facility and other office amenities. Unregistered RAs may operate from inadequate or questionable office premises, lacking essential amenities. d) It will have arrangements for skill testing for the trades for which the RA recruits the intending emigrants. e) The charges which the recruiting agent may recover for the services rendered, shall not exceed the amount equivalent to wages for 45 days as per the employment contract subject to maximum Rs.20,000. To determine whether a Recruitment Agent (RA) is registered with the Ministry, you can visit the list of Recruiting Agents on the website https://www.emigrate.gov.in. Responsibilities of Indian Recruiting Agencies All Indian Recruitment Agencies shall: a) Provide you the employment details, including contact conditions before you are recruited. b) Make efforts to ensure your proper reception by the employer in the UAE. c) Make efforts to ensure that after the employment, the employer shall not alter the terms of the employment contract. d) Endeavour to ensure that the employer takes timely action for renewal of documents authorizing your stay in UAE. e) Facilitate amicable settlement of disputes between you and the employer. f) Issue receipt for the payments made by you. g) Issue only such advertisements that are genuine and factually correct and shall refrain from any inducement or misrepresentation in this regard. h) Ensure that the employer observes the terms and conditions of the employment contact. For more information on RAs, please refer to the given link:https://www.mea.gov.in/ras.htm.

The distance between India and the United Arab Emirates is around 1,900 to 2,200 kilometres (1,180 to 1,370 miles), depending on the specific cities. A direct flight between major cities like Mumbai and Dubai typically takes around 3 to 4 hours, while flights between New Delhi and Abu Dhabi may take slightly longer, around 4 to 5 hours. These flight durations can vary due to factors like route, weather conditions and airline schedules.

1. Labour Laws for Migrants Migrant workers in the UAE must adhere to specific labour laws governing their residency, employment and entitlements. Residency and Employment: Expatriates can remain in the UAE only while their work permits and residence visas remain valid. It's important to note that the UAE does not grant residency or citizenship to foreign nationals. Legal Actions: In cases of employer misconduct, migrant workers have the right to seek compensation with sufficient evidence. They also possess the freedom to resign from their jobs and cannot be compelled to reimburse visa expenses except in certain circumstances. Contract Legitimacy: All employment contracts must be sanctioned by the Ministry of Labour to be legally binding. Job changes necessitate employer consent and while workers cannot appeal job terminations, they reserve the right to claim compensation. Prohibited Practices: Employers are forbidden from accepting payments from employees for sponsorship transfers. Breach of contract by employees warrants compensation claims from employers. Offenses and Penalties: Migrant workers may face penalties for various offenses, including providing false identities, disobedience, causing financial losses, misconduct, etc. Note: Housemaids are not protected by the UAE’s labour laws. 2. Documentation Employers are legally barred from retaining employees' passports. Migrant workers must possess valid work permits, residence visas and labour contracts to engage in employment. 3. Family Visa Employees meeting specific salary requirements may apply for family visas, although not all job titles qualify for this privilege. 4. Job Change Engineers and professionals can switch jobs after two years of continuous service with the consent of their current sponsor and provided they hold valid residence visas. 5. Leave Entitlements Workers have the right to leave their current jobs if their employer breaches the terms of their contract, assaults them or fails to pay their wages promptly. Promotions necessitate the creation of new contracts endorsed by the Ministry of Labour. 6. Contract Termination Compensation is mandatory for terminating limited contracts, whereas unlimited contracts can be terminated with proper notice. Failure to pay salaries may result in the seizure of an employer's assets. 7. Maternity Leave and Driving Licences Maternity leave is available to female employees after one year of continuous service, with partial-pay maternity leave being an option for those who haven't met the requisite employment duration. Certain visa holders are ineligible for UAE’s driving licences. 8. Complaints Procedure Migrant workers can lodge complaints with the Ministry of Labour regarding unlawful deductions from their wages. These regulations are in place to protect the rights and ensure fair treatment of migrant workers within the UAE.

Before moving to the UAE for work, it's crucial to consider several financial aspects: Debt and Repayment Plan: Assess the need for any planned debt, detailing the amount, interest rate and a structured repayment strategy to avoid financial strain. Currency Exchange Rates: Stay informed about exchange rates to optimise financial transactions and budget effectively in the UAE's currency. Cost of Living in Dubai: Research the expenses related to housing, transportation, food and leisure to ensure your budget aligns with the city's living standards. Savings and Emergency Fund: Prioritise building savings and an emergency fund to navigate unforeseen expenses and ensure financial stability during your time in the UAE. Insurance: Obtain necessary insurance coverage such as health, car or home insurance to safeguard against unexpected events and mitigate financial risks while living and working in the UAE.

The United Arab Emirates has a desert climate, featuring hot and dry summers with temperatures often exceeding 40°C (104°F) and mild winters with temperatures ranging from around 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F). Rainfall is minimal throughout the year and sandstorms are occasional, especially in the summer.

The United Arab Emirates boasts a diverse culinary scene influenced by a melting pot of cultures, melding traditional Arabic cuisine with global flavours. Vegan: Falafel, hummus, tabbouleh, stuffed grape leaves Vegetarian: Falafel, hummus, tabbouleh, stuffed grape leaves, vegetable biryani Non-vegetarian: Shawarma, kebabs, biryani, grilled lamb, grilled chicken, grilled fish, shrimp dishes. In the United Arab Emirates, a significant portion of the population adheres to halal dietary restrictions. Halal refers to what is permissible or lawful in traditional Islamic law. This includes specific guidelines for the preparation and consumption of meat and other food products. Certain meats such as pork are strictly prohibited in Islam and are not consumed by observant Muslims.

If you complete your employment term in Austria, your employer typically covers your return airfare to the nearest international airport in India. In cases of abuse or exploitation by your employer, you can file a complaint with Austrian authorities or the Indian embassy for possible repatriation to India. If you choose to return to India before completing your term, you'll need to arrange and bear the expenses for your return airfare independently.

Indian migrant workers in Austria can utilise the e-Migrate portal for the immigration processes like registration and clearance. Pravasi Bharatiya Sahayata Kendra (PBSK) provides support services through a 24x7 helpline and facilitates assistance via Indian missions for issues like legal help and emergency medical care.

To open a bank account in Austria as an Indian migrant worker, start by choosing a bank that supports non-residents and visit a local branch upon arrival. Bring your passport for identification and proof of residency, such as a local address. Some banks may also require proof of employment. You can typically open an account without an appointment and certain banks even allow online setup before arrival. Your account and bank cards will be ready within about a week, providing access to online banking services for convenient transactions and salary deposits.

To immigrate to Austria, you first need a job offer from an Austrian employer, which is necessary to obtain a residence permit. Depending on your qualifications and family status, you'll choose the appropriate permit type. After preparing and submitting your application with the required documents either directly to Austrian authorities or through the embassy in India, you'll undergo processing and a personal appointment for fingerprinting before receiving your residence permit.

The Republic of India and the Republic of Austria share a warm and longstanding relationship dating back to 1949, marking over 70 years of bilateral ties celebrated in 2019. This relationship is rooted in shared cultural, historical and economic interests. Over the decades, the two nations have collaborated extensively in trade, investment, science and technology as well as cultural and tourism exchanges.

The currency of Austria is the Euro (€). The exchange rate of the Euro to the Indian Rupee (INR) is 89.35 as of June 2024.

Members of the Indian diaspora in Austria include students, professionals and individuals who have migrated for various reasons such as work or family ties. In larger cities like Vienna, you may find a more significant concentration of the Indian community. a) Facebook Pages, India in Austria (Embassy on India, Vienna): On this page you can access to the latest information and find useful links. It focusses on ensuring the welfare of Indians residing in Austria & Montenegro as well as provide India-related information and services to the Austrian community. b) Austro-Indian Association: It is devoted to the fostering of relations in the cultural, economic, social, scientific and technological fields between Austria and India. c) Vienna International Center (VIC) Indian Club The Club provide a forum for the social, cultural and intellectual interaction of its members. It intends to promote the personal and professional growth of its members, particularly within the context of changes impacting multicultural organisations and societies in which every member is both a contributor and a beneficiary. d) Hindu Mandir Association, Vienna (HMA): In 1980, the Bengali Bimal Kundu founded the first Hindu religious society in Austria, for Hindus immigrating from the Indian subcontinent. Since 1998, the "Hindu Religious Society in Austria" is "state-registered confessional community" official representative for all Hindus. The objective of the group is to facilitate and promote socio cultural activities for its members and the welfare of Hindu community in Austria.

Austria offers attractive job prospects and competitive wages for Indians looking to work overseas. However, if you're considering these opportunities, there are important factors you should be aware of. a. Costs of working in Austria Economic costs of migration include fees you pay for recruitment, cost of obtaining passport, visa, emigration clearance, insurance, airfare (should be ideally covered by your employer) and other costs associated with migrating from India to Austria. Migration also has social costs which include leaving behind elderly parents, spouse and children. Health costs such as physical and mental discomfort often accompany migration. These can take forms of prolonged physical problems and mental health issues like anxiety and depression, since you are away from your loved ones. b. Benefits of working in Austria Economic benefits include higher wages and higher currency exchange value resulting in good prospects. Migration provides social benefits such as experiencing a different culture and its cuisine, engaging and learning from individuals coming from various countries and cultures as well as acquiring skills & technological expertise of the destination country. Overseas work is an experience of a lifetime and can provide skills that you can use throughout your life. c. Financial considerations of moving to Austria Now that you've compared migration costs and benefits, consider these key financial aspects for your journey: Debt: Avoid taking on debt unless necessary. Have a repayment plan in place to ensure it doesn't hinder your goals. Currency and Exchange Rates: Understand the Euro to Indian Rupee exchange rate and how to convert currencies. Cost of Living: Living in Austria is more expensive than in India. Research costs for essentials like rent, food, transport and entertainment, even if some expenses are covered by your employer. Insurance: Ensure you have adequate insurance coverage (e.g., Parvas Bhartiya Bima Yojana) for health and unforeseen circumstances. Managing Money: Budget monthly expenses, prioritise savings and consider investments like fixed deposits or mutual funds for financial growth. Emergency Fund: Build an emergency fund equivalent to at least three months' living expenses to cover unexpected costs.

Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF) a) An Indian Worker in distress can seek assistance under ICWF from the High Commission of India, Port Louis. b) Under the ICWF, you can receive initial legal assistance in deserving cases. There are lawyers empaneled by the mission/post to represent Indian nationals in court. You can obtain a list from the Indian Mission/Post when in need. c) Indian workers who have been cheated by intermediaries in the host countries, runaway domestic workers, those who become victims of accidents, deserted spouses of Indian migrants, undocumented Indian migrant workers in need of emergency assistance or any other overseas Indian citizens who are in distress can seek assistance under the fund. d) The Indian Community Welfare Fund (lCWF) is aimed at providing the following services on a means tested basis in the most deserving cases: Boarding and lodging for distressed Overseas Indian workers in the household/domestic sectors and unskilled labourers. Extending emergency medical care to the overseas Indians in need. Providing air passage to stranded overseas Indians in need. Providing initial legal assistance to the overseas Indians in deserving cases. Expenditure on incidentals and for airlifting the mortal remains to India or local cremation burial of the deceased overseas Indians in such cases where the sponsor is unable or unwilling to do so as per the contract and the family is unable to meet the cost. Payment of penalties in respect of Indian nationals for illegal stay in the host country where the worker is not at fault. Providing the payment of small fines/penalties for the release of Indian nationals in jails/detention centre. Providing support to local overseas Indian associations to establish overseas Indian community centres in countries that have population of overseas Indians exceeding 1,00,000. Providing support to start and run overseas Indian community-based student welfare centres in countries that have more than 20,000 Indian students. MADAD Portal a) The portal is an online Consular Grievances Management System to extend a helping hand to Indians abroad requiring consular assistance. It seeks to address grievances on issues related to workers abuse, recruiting agents, sponsorship and contract issues, repatriation of Indian nationals, tracing whereabouts of Indian nationals, death/injury compensation, transportation of mortal remains of deceased Indian nationals and marital dispute issues. b) You or one of your family members can directly register your grievances on the portal (madad@gov.in). Once the complaint is lodged, it is automatically transferred to the concerned mission/post and status of its redressal is reflected on track grievance page. The mobile number registered on the portal gets an SMS-based response as and when the status changes. c) The Embassy/Consulate follows up the grievances with the employers, RAs, Government authorities, labour courts, etc. for resolving the same. d) The status of the progress of processing of the grievances could be monitored online. e) The portal also has an associated call centre for grievances. f) There is also an app for the MADAD portal. Link: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tcs.appmadad&hl=en&pli=1 PBBY Insurance Claim Process Insurance claim through PBBY can be registered online through the Ministry’s portal: https://emigrate.gov.in a) Open the homepage. b) Click on caption PBBY policy. c) Click on ‘submit claim for PBBY policy’. d) A template page appears where insurance details are to be filled. e) Claim can be registered by the emigrants, their relatives, friends, PoEs, Indian Missions, IWRC, RAs, etc. Insurance claim lodged on the e-Migrate portal is directly assigned to the Insurance company for settlement of claim. For more details, visit https://www.mea.gov.in/pbby.htm Embassy/Consular Support and Services in Austria You can reach Embassy of India in Austria at the following contact details: 1. Emergency Consular Assistance For emergency consular assistance outside office hours, you can call +4315058666(landline) or +43-6768943748801(mobile). The Embassy of India in Vienna can be reached by different means and at different addresses. For more information, refer to the below information. Telephone queries Main reception Tel. + 43 1 50 58 666 (from 10 to 13hrs and 14hrs – 1730hrs) Consular Section Tel. + 431 585 0793 (from 1400hrs – 1600hrs) Email: cons1.viennamea.gov.in (Passport and other consular services) cons2.viennamea.gov.in(OCI & Visa services) For more information, visit https://eoivienna.gov.in/

Basic knowledge of the local language and English phrases would ease communication and facilitate integration into the society and workplaces. Some of them are given below:

Austria follows the Central European Time (CET) zone. Daylight Saving Time in 2023 starts from 26th March at 2 am CET and ends on 29th October at 3 am CET. The clock change occurs uniformly on Saturday night to Sunday morning at 2 am (1 am GMT). To draw a comparison, New Delhi (IST) is 4 hours 30 minutes ahead of Vienna. So, if it's 10:30 am in Vienna (CET), it will be 3:00 pm in New Delhi (IST).

Understanding Your Rights as an Employee in Austria 1. Employment Contracts An employment contract (Arbeitsvertrag) outlines your duties and conditions. It can be written or oral but must detail key aspects like salary, working hours and benefits. Ensure clarity before signing and seek advice from the Austrian Chamber of Labour if needed. 2. Unemployment Benefits Covered under unemployment insurance after 52 weeks of work in 24 months. Benefits are 55% of previous earnings, extendable with family supplements. Minimum income (Mindestsicherung) is available if job search fails. 3. Leaves Pregnancy and Parental Leave: Protected from dismissal, no hard physical labour 8 weeks before/after birth. Annual Leave: Minimum 5 weeks annually, increasing with service. Compassionate Leave: Allowed for caring responsibilities. 4. Sick Leave and Benefits Paid sick leave based on length of service, with sickness benefits provided if incapacity lasts over 42 days. 5. Remuneration Paid monthly, with additional Christmas and holiday bonuses. Deductions include taxes and social contributions. 6. Termination and Working Hours Trial periods (Probezeit) up to a month; termination notice is 6 weeks, varying with service. Normal working hours are 38.5 to 40 weekly, with flexible arrangements possible. 7. Worker Representation Companies with over five employees must have a worker council (Betriebsrat). Trade unions provide legal support and advocate for employee rights. 8. Joining a Trade Union Employees can join the Austrian Trade Union Federation (ÖGB) for representation and negotiation of collective agreements. Responsibilities a) Integration with Local Community Integration with the local Austrian community is essential for cross-cultural understanding and social cohesion. Key aspects include: Language Acquisition: Crucial for effective communication and forming deeper relationships. Participation in Local Events: Engaging in festivals and events bridges cultural gaps and fosters a sense of belonging. Culinary Exploration: Developing a taste for Austrian delicacies enhances mutual appreciation of diverse tastes. Understanding Social Etiquette: Learning local customs and social interactions helps build strong interpersonal relationships. b) Respect Local Laws and Regulations Familiarise yourself with Austrian laws and regulations, including traffic laws, this includes immigration laws, labour laws, immigration requirements, applicable local ordinances and any other relevant statutes. Ensure your visa and residence permits are always up to date and abide by the terms and conditions of your visa. Adhere to environmental regulations and promote eco-friendly practices both at work and in daily life. c) Cultural Awareness and Integration Learn about Austrian culture, customs and social norms. Show respect for local traditions and practices. Consider taking German language courses to facilitate communication and integration. Participate in local events, clubs and activities to meet people and integrate into Austrian society. Respect diversity and be open to building friendships with people from various backgrounds. Engage in community activities and volunteer opportunities to build a sense of belonging and contribute to your local community. d) Workplace Responsibilities: Fulfilling job duties and responsibilities as outlined in the employment contract. Maintaining professionalism, punctuality and a good work ethic. Collaborating with colleagues and supervisors to achieve common goals. e) Stay Informed It is your responsibility to stay updated on local news, events and changes in regulations that may affect your daily life. Stay informed about local safety guidelines and emergency procedures while keeping your personal belongings and documents secure.

Austria boasts one of the EU's most advanced transport networks, with a dense bus and rail system covering the country. Vienna, the capital, particularly excels in public transport infrastructure. Motorways: Motorway use in Austria requires a toll vignette, available for 10 days, two months or a year. Purchase at post offices, tobacconists (Trafik), border posts or service areas. Visit ASFINAG for details. Driving: Driving on Austria’s highways (Autobahnen) necessitates affixing a toll vignette to your windshield, purchasable online, at service stations or tobacconists. Drivers must keep the rescue lane clear on motorways. In case of accidents, dial 112 for emergency services, wear warning vests, provide first aid and fill out an accident report. Non-compliance can lead to legal repercussions. Seat Belts and Child Safety: Seat belts are mandatory for all occupants in Austrian vehicles. Children under 14 or under 135 cm tall must use a car seat. Public Transport: Major towns offer various public transport deals, with a single ticket costing around €2.20-€2.60. Tickets are available to purchase from machines, drivers or tobacconists. Rural areas may require purchasing only from drivers. Buses and trains are key in rural areas, with discounts for children, pensioners and students. Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB): Tickets available at stations, travel agents, machines (regional trains) and conductors (intercity trains with a €3.00 service charge). Explore routes and services at ÖBB. Air Travel: Austria has a network of national and regional airports, centred around Vienna International Airport. Check airfares and services at Austrian airports.

In Austria, accommodation options range from apartments and houses for rent to flat shares, with apartments being most common in cities, from studios to multi-room flats. There are two lease options: primary leases and sublets. Primary leases under Austrian law typically last three years, so subletting is preferable for shorter stays. Terminating a lease usually requires three months' notice. Tenants in Austria have strong legal protections, including unlimited master tenancy agreements. Subletting, where the leaseholder rents to a third party, is legal and a flexible option for early relocation. To sign a lease, you'll need references, proof of employment, rental history and a security deposit up to three months' rent. You'll also cover utilities like gas, electricity and heating, plus possibly home insurance for belongings. For more details, visit Living and Working in Austria - Housing.

Vienna, the capital, is the most densely populated region in Austria, with 4,657 residents per square kilometre, while Carinthia is the least densely populated, with 59.2 inhabitants per square kilometre. Other famous cities include Graz, Linz, Salzburg and Innsbruck.

The Austrian diet is rich in calories and dairy, with many popular dishes featuring meats, cheeses, salt and saturated fats. Key ingredients found in Austrian kitchens and used in famous dishes include pork, chicken, goose, fish, vegetables, fruits, cheese and dairy products. Here are the popular dishes consumed in Austria: Vegan: Erdäpfelgulasch, Kürbiscremesuppe, Marillenknödel, Gebackener Blumenkohl, Topfenstrudel, etc. Vegetarian: Kaspressknödel, Gemüsestrudel, Kaiserschmarrn, etc. Non-Vegetarian: Schweinsbraten, Backhendl, Forelle Müllerin, etc.

Austrian culture is deeply influenced by its centuries-old Catholic tradition, yet daily life and laws are strictly secular. Social unity and tolerance hold great importance in Austrian society. Religious freedom is upheld in Austria. According to a census in 2001, the majority of Austrians identify as Roman Catholic (about three-quarters). This is followed by people without religious affiliation, Protestants, Muslims and members of the Christian Orthodox faith.

On average, an Austrian household (average size 2.20 people) spends €3,250 a month or €2,160 per adult. Price Comparisons Across Europe Cost of living values are in relation to the EU average = 100; If the price level index of a country is higher than 100 (EU average), the country concerned is ­relatively expensive compared to the EU average, while if the index is lower than 100, the country is relatively cheap compared to the EU average. Source: The Essential Guide to Living and Working in Austria, Austrian Business Agency (ABA), Vienna 2022. The Essential Guide for Living and Working in Austria, Austrian Business Agency (ABA), Vienna 2022.

Indian workers seeking employment in Austria can explore job opportunities through National Skill Development Corporation International at NSDC International Job Opportunities. Indian Recruitment Agencies (IRAs) act as intermediaries between workers and employers in Austria, assisting with job searches, travel documents and employment terms. Indian workers can also apply for a Job-Seeker Visa, allowing them to search for jobs in Austria for up to six months without a job offer.

Indian Recruitment Agencies (IRAs) are registered entities under the Protector General of Emigrants (PGE) that facilitate job placements abroad for Indian citizens legally. To avoid scams, ensure you only engage with licensed agencies. The list of registered IRAs is available on the eMigrate portal. Unlicensed agencies can also be found on the same portal. Always verify the status of an agency with the PGE or visit the eMigrate portal for confirmation. How to identify legitimate IRAs: Look for a prominently displayed Registration Certificate (RC) issued by the PGE. The agency should have a visible signboard with their name, registration number and the year of registration. They must operate from premises of at least 50 square metres with essential facilities like waiting halls and interview rooms. Ensure they conduct skill testing for the trades they recruit for. Fees charged should not exceed wages for 45 days under the employment contract, up to a maximum of Rs. 30,000. Responsibilities of IRAs include: Providing employment details and contract conditions upfront. Ensuring proper reception by the employer abroad. Monitoring employment contract terms and timely renewal of necessary documents. Facilitating dispute resolution and issuing receipts for payments made. Advertising jobs truthfully without misrepresentation. For more details, visit https://www.mea.gov.in/ras.htm. Complaint against RA There are instances where you may be taken undue advantage of, in such cases, consider filing a complaint. Complaints of overcharging or cheating against RA can be lodged with: Documents required to work in Austria Austria's economy is experiencing a revival, attracting foreign investments and offering excellent employment prospects alongside a high quality of life. To work in Austria, you'll need: a) Work Visa: Allows entry into Austria for a specific purpose, including work. It does not grant permission to start working. b) Work Permit: Enables longer-term residence in Austria (e.g., six months to one year) for employment purposes. It does not grant entry into the country. c) Residence Permit: Confirms your right to live in Austria for an extended period. Types of permits in Austria a) The Red-White-Red Card Austria’s Red-White-Red Card (“Rot-Weiß-Rot – Karte”) offers a residence permit to you, if you would like to work as a skilled employee in Austria and want to stay in Austria on a permanent basis. The key features of this permit include: Combined residence and work permit Designed for long-term employment in Austria Bound to one specific employer Validity of up to 2 years Family immigration is possible Binding job offer is a prerequisite There is not only one Red-White-Red Card but a total of seven subcategories, the relevant subcategories have been discussed below: 1. The Red-White-Red Card for Skilled Workers in Shortage Occupations If you have a job offer and training in a shortage occupation, you can expedite your immigration to Austria. Each year, the Federal Republic of Austria identifies shortage occupations — roles with fewer than 1.5 job seekers per vacancy annually. The Skilled Workers Ordinance, issued by the Federal Ministry of Labour and Economy, recorded a historic high in 2023 for these shortages. They are categorized into nationwide (98 occupations, available at https://www.workinaustria.com/en/residence-employment/shortage-occupations/nationwide/) and regional (56 occupations, available at https://www.workinaustria.com/en/residence-employment/shortage-occupations/nationwide/#h-regional-shortage-occupations-9605). If you fall into one of these groups, you can immigrate more swiftly as no labour market check is required. To obtain the Red-White-Red Card, you must achieve the required points in the points system outlined by law (also detailed at https://www.workinaustria.com/en/residence-employment/point-scheme/#c4682). In this point scheme you have to score at least 55 points. It is not necessary to obtain points in every category. It suffices if you achieve the minimum points required. Required documents In order to receive a Red-White-Red Card for Skilled Workers in Shortage Occupations, you will require to submit the following documents: Application form (available at https://api.workinaustria.com/fileadmin/user_upload/MediaLibrary_ABAWORKINAUSTRIA/Downloads/AufenthaltBeschaeftigung/Application_form_2023_EN.pdf ) Valid Passport Passport photo fulfilling EU criteria (not older than six months) Qualification-related documents: Updated curriculum vitae (optional) Proof of qualifications or education (university diploma, etc.) Proof of professional experience (recommendations/references, etc.) Language certificates if necessary Employer documents: Employer’s Declaration (“Arbeitgebererklärung”) Detailed job description (either as a separate document or in the Employer's Declaration) Information on the skilled worker’s classification according to the applicable collective bargaining agreement (details may be included in the Employer’s Declaration.) Police Clearance Certificate (“Strafregisterbescheinigung”), not older than 3 months. Fees: €160 (If you have to show additional personal documents or need a Visa D, the fee may actually be higher than € 160). For more information, you may visit the link: https://www.workinaustria.com/en/residence-employment/red-white-red-card/#h-choose-one-category-of-the-red-white-red-card-and-learn-more-about-it-9417 2. Red-White-Red Card for Other Key Workers If you've secured a job offer in Austria for a position that doesn't fall under any shortage occupation or if you have relevant work experience but lack the required education for a specific shortage occupation, you may apply for this card. This category of the Red-White-Red Card requires a minimum gross salary of €2,925 per month (2023). To qualify for this category of the Red-White-Red Card, applicants must achieve a satisfactory number of points within the legally prescribed points system. Point Scheme In this point scheme you have score at least 55 points. It is not necessary to obtain points in every category. It suffices if achieve the minimum points required. For more information, please visit https://www.workinaustria.com/en/residence-employment/red-white-red-card/#pane-8610&[c8606]-h-red-white-red-card-for-other-key-workers-15173 3. Red-White-Red Card for Very Highly Qualified Workers If you have a special qualification, you can apply for this card. As a rule, these skilled employees can immigrate to Austria more quickly than other skilled workers. This is particularly attributable to the fact that no labour market check is carried out. In order to receive this category of the Red-White-Red Card, you have to attain a sufficient number of points in the legally stipulated points system. There are several categories of criteria in which you can collect points. Point Scheme As a rule, you generally have to achieve at least 70 points. It is not necessary to obtain points in every category. It suffices if you achieve the minimum of 70 points. For more information, please visit: https://www.workinaustria.com/en/residence-employment/red-white-red-card/#pane-8611&[c8606]-h-red-white-red-card-for-very-highly-qualified-workers-15248 Other subcategories of the Red-White-Red Card include: Red-White-Red Card for Graduates of Austrian Universities (https://www.workinaustria.com/en/residence-employment/red-white-red-card/#pane-8609&[c8606]-h-red-white-red-card-for-graduates-of-austrian-universities-9467 ) Red-White-Red Card for Regular Seasonal Workers (https://www.workinaustria.com/en/residence-employment/red-white-red-card/#pane-8612&[c8606]-h-red-white-red-card-for-regular-seasonal-workers-9537 ) Red-White-Red Card for Self-Employed Key Workers (https://www.workinaustria.com/en/residence-employment/red-white-red-card/#pane-8613&[c8606]-h-red-white-red-card-for-self-employed-key-workers-11091) Red-White-Red Card for Start-Up Founders (https://www.workinaustria.com/en/residence-employment/red-white-red-card/#pane-8614&[c8606]-h-red-white-red-card-for-start-up-founders-11092 ) b) red-white-red card plus The Red-White-Red Card Plus (“Rot-Weiß-Rot – Karte Plus”) is a residence permit that facilitates the long-term stay of skilled workers and their families in Austria. The key features of the Red-White-Red Card Plus are: It offers unrestricted access to the Austrian labour market. This means that you can work both as a salaried employee or be self-employed. You are not bound to a specific employer. The Red-White-Red Card Plus is relevant for various target groups and is valid for a period of up to 3 years depending on the specific target group such as family members of skilled workers, extension of residence permits, etc. For more information, please visit: https://www.workinaustria.com/en/residence-employment/red-white-red-card-plus/#h-red-white-red-card-plus-1253 c) eu blue card Valid for 24 months, the EU Blue Card is issued to you if you meet very specific criteria, including employment tied to your education, the level of your salary and authorities determining there is no one else qualified for the job. The key features of this card are: Combined residence and work permit Designed for long-term employment in Austria Bound to one specific employer Validity of up to 2 years Family immigration is possible Prerequisites for this card are: Binding job offers Completed a university programme lasting at least 3 years which matches your job offer Have gained at least 3 years of relevant job experience within the last 7 years prior to application, comparable to an academic level, if you apply for a job in the IT industry. Your employer in Austria pays you a gross annual salary of at least €45.595 in the year 2023. This minimum salary is legally stipulated. Documents for the EU Blue Card In any case, you will have to submit the following documents in order to receive an EU Blue Card: Application form (available at https://api.workinaustria.com/fileadmin/user_upload/MediaLibrary_ABAWORKINAUSTRIA/Downloads/AufenthaltBeschaeftigung/Application_form_2023_EN.pdf) Passport Passport photo fulfilling EU criteria (not older than six months) Qualification-related documents: Updated curriculum vitae Proof of qualifications or education (university diploma, etc.) or proof of sufficient relevant job experience in case of IT professionals. Proof of successfully concluded studies or proof of sufficient relevant job experience in the case of IT professionals. Employer documents: Employer’s Declaration (“Arbeitgebererklärung”) Detailed job description (either as a separate document or in the Employer's Declaration) Information on the skilled worker’s classification according to the applicable collective bargaining agreement (details may be included in the Employer’s Declaration.) Police Clearance Certificate (“Strafregisterbescheinigung”), not older than 3 months. Fees: €160 (If you have to show additional personal documents or if you need a Visa D, the fee may actually be higher than €160). For more information, please visit: https://www.workinaustria.com/en/residence-employment/eu-blue-card/#h-eu-blue-card-1254 d) long-term resident eu permit After a five-year, uninterrupted stay in Austria, you can apply for the residence permit “Long-Term Resident EU permit” (“Daueraufenthalt EU”). This residence permit offers unrestricted access to the Austrian labour market. This means you can work both as a salaried employee and on a self-employed basis and you are not bound to an employer. In addition to residing in Austria for 5 years, the basic requirement for this residence permit is to fulfil Module 2 of the Integration Agreement (“Integrationsvereinbarung”). For more information on Integration Agreement, please visit: https://www.migration.gv.at/en/living-and-working-in-austria/integration-and-citizenship/integration-agreement/ For example, you can apply for the Long-Term Resident EU permit if you have lived in Austria uninterruptedly for five years and currently have one of the following residence permits: Red-White-Red Card Plus (“Rot-Weiß-Rot – Karte Plus”) Settlement Permit (“Niederlassungsbewilligung´”) Residence Permit – Family Member (“Aufenthaltstitel Familienangehöriger”) Settlement Permit – Artist (“Niederlassungsbewilligung – Künstler”) Settlement Permit – Special Cases of Gainful Employment (“Niederlassungsbewilligung – Sonderfälle unselbstständiger Erwerbstätigkeit”) Settlement Permit – Gainful Employment Excepted (“Niederlassungsbewilligung – ausgenommen Erwerbstätigkeit”) Settlement Permit – Relative (“Niederlassungsbewilligung – Angehöriger”) Red-White-Red Card (“Rot-Weiß-Rot – Karte”) EU Blue Card (“Blaue Karte EU”) Settlement Permit – Researcher (“Niederlassungsbewilligung – Forscher”) For more information, please visit: https://www.workinaustria.com/en/residence-employment/long-term-resident-eu-permit/#h-long-term-resident-eu-permit-1255 Austrian work visas VFS Global, the official partner of the Embassy of Austria in India, facilitates visa applications for various work purposes: 1. Short Term Work Visa (Visa C) For stays up to 90 days within a 180-day period, suitable for short-term work. Requires confirmation from the Austrian Labour Market Service (AMS). Documents Required: Completed application form in English or German. Passport valid for at least three months after intended departure. One ICAO-compliant photograph. Proof of round-trip travel bookings and accommodation. Comprehensive travel medical insurance. Proof of occupation (salary certificates, employment contract, employer's NOC, etc.) 2. Long Term Work Visa (Visa D) For stays between 91 and 180 days, requiring confirmation from the AMS. Suitable for longer work engagements or obtaining an Austrian residence permit. Documents Required (in addition to Visa C documents): Cover letter detailing the trip purpose and business relations. Proof of sufficient funds and health insurance. Additional documentation specific to employment status (e.g., GST certificate, student enrolment, etc.) 3. Job Seeker Visa Issued for six months to highly qualified workers seeking employment in Austria. This can lead to a Red-White-Red Card for Very Highly Qualified Workers upon securing a job. Documents Required: Valid travel document (passport). Recent photograph. Proof of accommodation and health insurance. Evidence of financial means. Documentation of qualifications under a points system (e.g., education, work experience, language proficiency). For more detailed information and application procedures, visit VFS Global Austria.

The national flag of Austria is a proud symbol steeped in rich history and symbolism. Its striking design features three horizontal stripes of equal width—red on the top and bottom, with a white stripe in the middle. This combination of colours reflects Austria's noble traditions of bravery, peace and unity.

Austria experiences a typical Central European climate with warm summers, cold winters and sufficient rainfall. Additionally, the country can be divided into two distinct climatic regions: In the east, there is a Pannonian climate with warm to hot summers, lower rainfall and cold winters. The central Alpine region exhibits an Alpine climate, characterised by more summer rainfall compared to the east and long winters with heavy snowfall.

1. Financial Management: Keep records of payments, leaves taken and reimbursements. Maintain separate records for savings and expenses. Deposit your salary in a bank account to protect it from theft, earn interest and facilitate remittances to your family. 2. Budgeting: Plan for savings, expenses, emergency funds, insurance and family remittances to manage finances effectively. 3. Debt Management: Avoid unnecessary debt. Use borrowed money only for its intended purpose. Make timely repayments and aim to clear debts promptly. 4. Cultural Integration: Respect Austrian customs and traditions regarding greetings, gift-giving and social etiquette to integrate better into the community. 5. Legal Compliance: Understand and adhere to Austrian laws, including visa and work permit requirements, to ensure compliance during your stay. 6. Environmental Responsibility: Participate in Austria's recycling programme by sorting waste properly, contributing to environmental sustainability. 7. Avoid Offences: Do not overstay your visa or permit. Work only for the employer specified in your work permit. Cease work promptly upon permit expiration. Avoid unlawful acts of corruption and bribery. Following these guidelines will help you adjust smoothly to life in Austria.

The Austrian economy rebounded strongly with a GDP of €447.22 billion in 2021, marking a 4.5% increase from the pandemic-hit 2020. GDP per capita reached €45,043. The economic landscape is predominantly shaped by small and medium enterprises. Key industries include food processing, machinery and steel manufacturing, chemicals and vehicles, electronics and wood and paper production.

The distance between Delhi and Vienna is around 5,592 kilometres (3,475 miles) by air. This is the straight-line distance or direct flight distance between the cities.

a. Meeting and Greeting Shake hands with everyone present, regardless of gender or age, at business or social meetings. In Vienna, men may kiss a woman's hand as a traditional gesture, which should be accepted graciously. However, foreign men should avoid this, as it may not be expected. b. Names and Titles Use last names and appropriate titles until invited to use first names by your Austrian host or colleagues. Address individuals as Herr/Frau + professional title + surname initially (e.g., Herr Doctor Bauer, Frau Doctor Bauer). After the first meeting, Herr/Frau + professional title is sufficient. c. Body Language Austrians are reserved and formal; avoid excessive physical contact like kissing or hugging in public. Maintaining eye contact is important during conversations. d. Corporate Culture Punctuality is crucial for business meetings; notify promptly if delayed and avoid last-minute cancellations. Business discussions often begin with light conversation. Respect for rank and title is significant, as power tends to be concentrated at the top. Exercise caution in discussions, as the business community can be politically sensitive. Expect a deliberate pace in business dealings. e. Dining and Entertainment Austrians value punctuality for social events. The host initiates the first toast, with the honoured guest returning the toast later. Maintain eye contact during toasts. Use your knife to break apart dumplings rather than cutting them. Signal that you've finished eating by placing your knife and fork side by side on your plate. f. Dress Austrians take pride in dressing well; avoid wearing shorts in urban areas, especially when shopping. g. Gifts Gifts are opened upon receipt. When visiting someone's home, bring a gift for the hostess such as flowers (in odd numbers), wine, pastries or chocolates. Avoid gifts like red roses (unless romantic), red carnations or personal items in business settings. h. Helpful Hints Austrians appreciate being distinguished from Germans; avoid referring to them as such. Greet shopkeepers when entering and leaving stores. Personal compliments may make Austrians uncomfortable; use discretion. Avoid putting hands in pockets while speaking to others

German is Austria's official language and essential for engaging in the country's work, economy and social activities. In certain regions, Croatian, Slovenian and Hungarian are also recognised as official languages for autonomous population groups. Most schools teach English as the primary foreign language.

On the day of your journey, make sure to carry your: Travel tickets Passport (valid for a minimum period of six months) A valid work permit Original employment contract from foreign employer duly attested by the Indian Mission or Permission letter from the concerned Indian Mission/Post. Medical certificate, copy of the medical test and receipt from the test centre. Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana policy document. Education & experience certificate, if applicable. ID documents & a copy – including your Aadhar card, marriage certificate (if married), etc. Keep a directory of important phone numbers.

Mental health often takes a backseat when it you move to a new country. Prioritizing mental health is the first step towards a healthy mind. Here are a few things you can do to maintain your mental health. Allow yourself time to adjust to the new environment, people, and work. Stay connected with family and friends back home. Acknowledge and address your emotions rather than suppressing them. Adopt a problem-solving approach rather than dwelling on issues. Engage in recreational activities for relaxation and rejuvenation. Seek support from mental health professionals like counselors or psychologists without stigma, understanding that it's okay to seek help for a happier life.

It can be a little challenging to keep in touch with your family. To ensure that your family can always reach out to you, you can follow the following practices. Share your employer’s number with your family before you leave for the country. Also, ensure that you note down the numbers of all your family members too. As soon as you get a Mauritian SIM, make sure to share the number with your family. Social media channels like WhatsApp and Facebook make it easier to keep in touch with your family.

Managing your finances in Mauritius is essential, especially if you support a family in India. Here are a few ways to do so: Open an NRE Account Indians working abroad can open an NRE account in India to manage money, send funds from overseas, earn interest, and enjoy tax exemptions. Learn Online Banking Manage your finances abroad with online banking. Check balances, transfer funds, and pay bills securely. Use strong passwords, two-factor authentication, and avoid public Wi-Fi to protect against scams. Set Financial Goals One of the first steps to managing money is to set short term and long term financial goals. If you have a family depending on you, then its important to keep them informed of your financial goals as well. Keep a Track of Your Expenses and Savings Higher income often leads to lifestyle inflation. Save a portion of your salary immediately and keep an expense sheet to track and identify spending patterns. Have an Emergency Fund and Investment Set aside a small part of your salary each month for unforeseen events, keeping it separate from your savings.

After arrival, register yourself on HCI website (https://hcimauritius.gov.in/RegIndNational). In case of an unfortunate event or distress, the consulate is responsible for providing you shelter, legal assistance and repatriation. You can also reach out to them in case of visa & passport related services, birth and death registration, and Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) application. To contact the Indian consulate in Mauritius, call (+230) 460 6600.

Medical treatment is free in Mauritian Public Health Institutions. For urgent medical assistance, dial 999 or 114 and request an ambulance. Seek recommendations for a General Practitioner or doctor from members of the Indian migrant community. Pharmacies operate from 8am to 5pm on weekdays, closing at 2pm on Saturdays and remaining closed on Sundays. Private healthcare in Mauritius, including hospitals like the Darne Clinic and the Apollo Bramwell Hospital, is among Africa's most expensive. While costly, private hospitals offer extensive services and superior facilities.

You or your employer can open a bank account in Mauritius, whether with an Indian bank like SBI or BOB, or a Mauritian bank, for managing expenses and saving money. You will need a valid passport, residence permit, proof of address, and a reference letter from your home bank to open an account in Mauritius. You can go for savings, current, fixed deposit, and foreign currency accounts. Also, familiarize yourself with exchange rates and associated fees for currency conversion when transferring funds to or from India.

To safely transfer money to your family from Mauritius, use formal remittance channels like banks or licensed providers such as Western Union or MoneyGram. Compare exchange rates and fees among different providers to find the most suitable option for yourself. Many banks and remittance providers offer online and mobile platforms for convenience. However, before using these platforms, check online reviews and customer feedback to gauge their reliability.

You should not stay illegally in Mauritius after the expiry of your Visa or Permit. You will be liable to a fine not exceeding Rs1,000 and to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year. You should not work for another employer other than the one listed in the work permit. You should not continue to work after your permit has expired. The Penalty for working illegally, that is, without a work permit is a fine of more than 25,000 rupees up to 50,000 rupees and imprisonment for a term of 2 years. Acts of corruption and bribery are unlawful. You should not engage in such activities.

Keep track of your payments, leaves, reimbursements, savings, and expenses. Ask your employer to deposit your salary into your bank account for safety, earning interest, and easy remittance transfers to your family. Create a plan for savings, expenses, emergency fund, insurance, and family transfers to manage money efficiently and save for the future. Learn about safe investment options to earn a small income on the money you have saved. Avoid falling in debt. Only borrow money if necessary. Do not sign any blank papers, as they can be used to defraud or put you in trouble. Also, only put your signature on a document if you properly understand what it means. Keep a copy of your documents in a safe place, which can only be accessed by you.

In case of distress, migrants have a plethora of options to solve an issue. Here are a few routes you can take: 1. Contact Indian Missions or Posts In case of distress, you can reach out to the High Commission of India, Port Louis. Here are the contact details for the same: The High Commission also hosts an Open House, the details for which can be found on https://hcimauritius.gov.in/. You can reach out to the High Commission if you find yourself: In dispute with your foreign employer regarding mistreatment, breaking the terms of your contract, or if your legal rights are not being fulfilled. Dealing with the death of a dependent family member or arranging the transportation of the mortal remains of a deceases person. Trying to solve personal issues (like marital disputes) back home. The High Commission may also speak to your family, if required. In jail for any act of crime, the HC will make efforts towards your release, provide interpreter services in labour courts, and visit you in the prison to ensure your wellbeing. Contact the ICWF on your behalf. 2. Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF) An Indian Worker in distress can seek assistance under ICWF from the High Commission of India, Port Louis. Under the ICWF, you can receive initial legal assistance in deserving cases. There are lawyers empaneled by the mission/post to represent Indian nationals in court. You can obtain a list from the Indian Mission/Post when in need. Indian workers who have been cheated by intermediaries in the host countries, runaway domestic workers, those who become victims of accidents, deserted spouses of Indian migrants, undocumented Indian migrant workers in need of emergency assistance or any other overseas Indian citizens who are in distress can seek assistance under the fund. The Indian Community Welfare Fund (lCWF) is aimed at providing the following services on a means tested basis in the most deserving cases: a) Boarding and lodging for distressed Overseas Indian workers in the household/domestic sectors and unskilled labourers. b) Extending emergency medical care to the Overseas Indians in need. c) Providing air passage to stranded Overseas Indians in need. d) Providing initial legal assistance to the Overseas Indians in deserving cases. e) Expenditure on incidentals and for airlifting the mortal remains to India or local cremation burial of the deceased Overseas Indians in such cases where the sponsor is unable or unwilling to do so as per the contract and the family is unable to meet the cost. f) Payment of penalties in respect of Indian nationals for illegal stay in the host country where prima facie the worker is not at fault. g) Providing the payment of small fines/penalties for the release of Indian nationals in jails/detention center. h) Providing support to local Overseas Indian Associations to establish Overseas Indian Community Centers in countries that have population of Overseas Indians exceeding 1,00,000. Providing support to start and run Overseas Indian Community based student welfare centers in Countries that have more than 20,000 Indian students. 3. MADAD Portal You can login to the MADAD portal to register your grievances and seek redressal. It seeks to address grievances on issues related to workers abuse, sexual abuse, recruiting agents, sponsorship and contract issues, repatriation of Indian nationals, tracing whereabouts of Indian nationals, death/injury compensation, transportation of mortal remains of deceased Indian nationals, marital dispute issues and other issues. You or your family member can directly register your grievances on the portal (madad@gov.in). Once the complaint is lodged, it is automatically transferred to the concerned Mission/Post and status of its redressal is reflected on track grievance page. The mobile number registered on the Portal gets an SMS-based response as and when the status changes. You will need a passport number to submit and track the grievance till it is resolved. A mobile App for MADAD has been launched. You can download the app from the play store on Android devices and the app store on Apple devices. The portal also has an associated call center to help illiterate grievant.

Good quality of life and lucrative work opportunities make Mauritius the penultimate destination for job seekers. Here are few basic requirements for working in Mauritius. You must be between 20 to 60 years of age to work in Mauritius. You must possess a valid passport with a minimum validity of six months from the date of departure. You can apply for a passport on the official Passport Seva website (https://www.passportindia.gov.in/AppOnlineProject/welcomeLink#). Please not that obtaining a passport can take up to a few months, so ensure that you apply in advance. Your recent passport-sized photos in colour. Valid academic and professional qualification certifications. Details and proof of prior work experience. While there aren’t any official requirements for language, your employer may require you to either be proficient in English or French. Ensure that you get a comprehensive and detailed job description from your employer so that you know exactly what your role requires you to be prepared for. The Employment Contract signed by the applicant and approved by the employer. Health certificate issued by the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life in Mauritius. Work Permit and Residence Permit that will allow the worker to work and reside in the country for a specific duration. Once you land in Mauritius, you will be required to show you work and residence permits and will not be allowed to enter the country in its absence. Your employer is responsible for arranging your work and residence permit so ensure that you confirm these details before making any travel to the country.

The official currency of Mauritius is Mauritian Rupees (MUR).

Average Monthly Expenses in Mauritius Clothing Western-style clothing is what most Mauritians wear in their day-to-day life. Traditionally, Indo-Mauritian men wear dhoti kurta, while women go for a sari combined with bright jewelry. Some Muslim women wear head scarf and a minority go for a burqa. Overall, while most Mauritians like to wear western-style clothing, tight and revealing clothes are frowned upon in towns and villages. Also, when visiting a place of worship, wear an appropriate dress. When it comes to dressing according to the weather, May to October are a little cooler and you may want to carry a light jacket or cardigan for the evenings. Food The Mauritian cuisine offers a variety of South Asian, African, Chinese and European cooking styles that often incorporate local ingredients. Here’s some important facts to know about Mauritian cuisine. White rice is the staple food of this island nation. It can be eaten as boiled, fried or spiced. Apart from white rice, Chinese noodles (minn) and curry made with meat, fish, seafood, and vegetables, stew, or casserole are also an everyday dish. You’ll also find biryani, naans, rotis, and faratas. As for fruits, you’ll find a diversity of tropical fruits like mango, longane (like lychee), coconut, guavas, pineapples, papayas, and bananas. When it comes to street food, you’ll find dal poori, gato piman (similar to dal pakoda) samosa, Chinese soup, dumplings, and noodles. Transportation The most common ways of public transportation are buses and metro express. Bus: You have to options when travelling from a bus – express and regular. The express service is faster, but a little more expensive and less frequent than the regular service. Metro express: Metro, running through the city, provides a safe, reliable and rapid transportation service. city, provides a safe, reliable and rapid transportation service. Indian Community in Mauritius Mauritius boasts a strong Indian influence. Roughly two-thirds of the population is descendants of Indian indentured laborers who came to work in the sugarcane plantations. This influence extends to politics, with the current Prime Minister being Indo-Mauritian. A vibrant Indian community also exists, with approximately 22,000 Indian nationals contributing to the textile industry. Culturally, the island reflects this rich heritage with Hindu temples, Tamil traditions, and Marathi associations. Language unions further solidify these ties, offering opportunities to connect with speakers of Hindi, Tamil, and other Indian languages. Indian diaspora communities and groups There are a range of diaspora groups and organizations to indulge with during celebrations and a ctivities. Apart from that, you can also join Facebook groups like Expat Mauritius: Home Away from Home, where members connect on shared interests. Let’s discover a few organizations to know about. Indira Gandhi Centre for Indian Culture The Indira Gandhi Centre for Indian Culture (IGCIC) regularly organizes cultural programmes and workshops during special days like Independence Day and Republic Day of India, Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad Day, Gandhi Jayanthi, Convocation Day of the Centre, Hindi Diwas, Foundation Day/Orientation Day etc. They also have cine club that often screens popular Indian films once every month. It also offers a great community for Hindi literature enthusiasts through its Sahitya Sangoshthi where they invite an eminent speaker every month to speak on subjects related to ‘sahitya.’ You can contact them via: Tel: (+230) 6973437 (+230) 6987338 Fax: (+230) 6972925 Email: igcic.portlouis@mea.gov.in, dirigcic.portlouis@mea.gov.in Restrictions Smoking is banned in enclosed public spaces such as cafes, restaurants, bars, and night clubs, etc. Mauritius is a slightly conservative country when it comes to public display of affection. So, avoid any overt displays of it in public like holding hands or kissing. While homosexuality is not criminalised in Mauritius, sodomy is illegal. Hence, you should refrain from engaging in such activities to avoid legal actions.

Just as you are entitled to the same rights as citizens of Mauritius, you also have the same responsibilities as a citizen of Mauritius. The following are the responsibilities of migrants: Follow the laws of the country and make sure to not indulge in any illegal activity such as gambling, prostitution, organs trade etc. Homosexuality is not criminalised in the country, but sodomy is illegal. Do not indulge in any such activities to avoid imprisonment. As an Indian migrant worker working in Mauritius, you are not allowed to take part in any political activities or activities connected with political organisations in Mauritius. If a worker is found, by the relevant authority, too be responsible for creating social problems or engaging in any illegal, subversive, or criminal activities, the Employer shall be informed accordingly, and the Worker shall be dismissed from the job and shall be repatriated to India at his own expense. Comply with the provisions laid out in your employment contract in terms of working hours, days etc. In case of non-compliance, your employer has the authority to terminate the contract. The employment contract can be extended upon the agreement of the employer and the worker. You’re not allowed to take up additional work or change employment during the duration of an existing contract.

When Mauritius gained independence on March 12, 1968, it became a constitutional monarchy with the British Monarch as the head of the country. However, in 1992, it became a Parliamentary Republic.

The Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Republic of Mauritius share a long-standing relationship for the past several decades. Culture, history, and strong economic ties have nurtured this relationship.

English is the official language of Mauritius. However, a majority of people speak Creole ‘patois’, French interspersed with ‘creolized’ English, Hindi (Bhojpuri) and Arabic. Apart from Hindi and Bhojpuri, the Indo-Mauritians also speak Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Marathi, Gujrati, Konkani and Cutchee.

Every employer and employee, aged between 18 and retirement age, contribute 2.5% and 1% respectively of the basic wage towards the National Savings Fund (NSF) each month. Migrant workers begin their NSF contributions from their first day of employment, except those in manufacturing enterprises who start after 2 years of residence in Mauritius. Upon completion of their employment contract and return to India, migrant workers receive their NSF contributions as a lump sum refund. Getting a refund of contributions You must have worked in Mauritius for at least six month and should be under the age of 60 to be eligible for a refund. To apply for a refund, download the application form from https://socialsecurity.govmu.org/Pages/viewallbudgetspeech.aspx. Submit the application at the nearest Social Security office at least one and a half month before departure from Mauritius. You will need to submit the following documents with your application: Passport (original + 1 photocopy) Your Employment Documents: Work Permit, Employment Contract, Payslips, and any other (original + 1 photocopy) Evidence of Bank Account Number (original + 1 photocopy) In case of death of the foreign worker, an affidavit together with all civil status documents (original + photocopy) of heirs mentioned therein. The original documents will be returned to you after verification.

You can return to India after the completion of your employment term in Mauritius. Your employer is responsible for paying your return airfare from Mauritius to the International Airport nearest to your home in India. If you are abused or exploited by your employer during the term of your employment, you can raise a complaint against your employer with the concerned Mauritian Authorities and Indian Mission in Mauritius. You can request to be repatriated to India. If you wish to come to India before the completion of your employment term, you will have to bear the return airfare expenses on your own.

It is believed that Mauritius was discovered by Portuguese travellers in the 16th century. After that, it was controlled by the Dutch, then the French and finally the British. In 1835, indentured labourers were taken to the island nation. It wasn’t until 1968 that Mauritius gained independence from Britain and in 1992 it became a republic.

The time difference between India and Mauritius is 1h 30mins, with India being ahead.

Thinking about moving to Mauritius for work opportunities? Here are a few things to consider. Costs of working in mauritius You will need to pay the recruiter fee, cost of obtaining a passport, visa, emigration clearance, insurance and airfare (should be ideally covered by the employer). The social costs of moving away from your elderly parents, spouse and community. The health costs of physical and mental discomfort that might come from adjusting in a new environment. Benefits of working in mauritius Following are the benefits of moving to Mauritius: You get the benefit of higher wages with a higher currency exchange value. You will get to experience a new country, different culture, local cuisine, and build international connections. It will also provide you and your family a lifestyle upgrade with higher wages. Financial considerations before moving to Mauritius After carefully analyzing the costs and benefits of moving to Mauritius, next come financial considerations. Here’s a brief look at the financial aspects to consider before your big move. Ensure you pay any debt before migrating. For every Mauritian dollar, you’ll have to pay two Indian Rupees, so ensure you plan your finances according to that. Mauritius is slightly more expensive than India when it comes to cost of living. Before migrating to Mauritius, make sure that you get insured for the same. Your success in Mauritius also depends on how well you manage your money. Get a basic understanding of budgeting, saving and investing before moving to Mauritius. Before you migrate to another country, make sure that you have at least three months of living expenses saved up. Finding work opportunities in Mauritius You can find work opportunities in Mauritius through two credible ways. The National Skill Development Corporation International Portal helps you register yourself and explore reliable job opportunities in Mauritius and other countries. You can also go for an Indian Recruitment Agency (IRA). They connect job seekers to job providers and will also help you obtain relevant documents required for your big move. How to ensure credibility of an ira To avoid any fraudulent incidents, check for the license of an Indian Recruiting Agent. You can check if your IRA is licensed or not on the official website of Ministry of External Affairs (https://www.mea.gov.in/ras.htm). Apart from this, here are a few different methods to identify a registered RA. Registered agents will have their Registration Certificate (RC) issued by the Protector General of Emigrants (PGE) prominently displayed at a noticeable place in their office premises. Such RC must be valid and have not expired. If the recruiting agent is authorized to carry on business at additional premises, an attested copy of the registration certificate with an endorsement by the registering authority will be displayed at noticeable place in the business premises of such Branch Office. Registered agents are not allowed to employ sub-agents. Be sure to not deal with such sub-agents. A registered RA will have office premises of at least 50 square meters of built-up area with necessary amenities, such as a waiting hall, interview room, and internet facility. Unregistered RAs may operate from inadequate or questionable office premises, lacking essential amenities. Registered RAs will have a noticeable signboard displayed in front of the business premises or indicating the name and the registration number of the Recruiting Agent and the year of registration. Registered recruiting agencies may charge up to Rs20,000 in fees from migrant workers requiring an Emigration Clearance. If the agency tries to charge you more than Rs20,000, you can submit a complaint on the e-Migrate or MADAD portal. Responsibilities of recruiting agents (Ministry of External Affairs, 2022) RA should issue a receipt for the payments received from you. It must provide details of employment, including contract conditions, to you before recruitment. It must ensure your proper reception by the employer upon arrival in Mauritius. It must ensure that after the employment, the employer shall not alter the terms of the employment contract. It must ensure that the employer observes the terms and conditions of the Employment Contract. It must ensure that the employer takes timely action for renewal of documents authorizing your stay in the country of employment. It must ensure facilitate amicable settlement of disputes between you and the employer. Complaints against RAs In case you experience overcharging or cheating, you can lodge a complaint to the Protector General of Emigrants (PGE) at pge@mea.gov.in.

Moving to a new country opens a lot of exciting opportunities for you. However, it is also important to be prepared for the challenges you might face. Here are the things you should be prepared for when moving to Mauritius. Beware of potential issues like long hours, poor conditions, low pay, and lack of benefits or safe living quarters, which are especially common for women domestic workers. Employers may illegally confiscate your passport to restrict movement, even in bad working conditions. Feel free to reach out to the Ministry of Labour; Industrial Relations, Employment & Training (MLIRET) during office hours from 08:45 AM to 04:00 PM. The address of MLIRET is: Victoria House, ST Louis Street, Port Louis, Mauritius The contact details of the regional/sub-offices are as follows: Sending money through informal channels can be risky and lead to scams. Some locals may view migrant workers as competition, leading to potential tension. Women migrants, particularly in domestic work, may face sexual harassment. In case you are a victim of sexual harassment or exploitation, you may contact the Police on 999 or 148 or the Ministry of Labour, Industrial Relations, Employment and Training. Migrants might find it difficult to find legal aid and navigate the legal process in a foreign country. You may have trouble communicating with the locals as they might not be fluent in the same languages as you. Discrimination based on race, religion, or culture is a potential issue (both from locals and employers). Migrant workers are vulnerable to trafficking, forced labour, and abuse. Such complaints should be immediately reported to the police.

The Republic of Mauritius is a group of islands namely Mauritius, Rodrigues, Agalega and Cargados Carajos (St Brandon). It lies 335 km from the east coast of Madagascar, with Africa being its closest continent. The mainland is a volcanic island and covers 88% of the total land area. The Mauritian coastline stretches 332 km and is adorned by beautiful coral reefs.

There is no provision of voting by post or voting at an Indian Mission abroad for Indian citizens living in abroad. There is no provision of online voting. You can register as an Overseas/NRI voter by submitting Form 6A available on the Election Commission of India website (https://eci.gov.in/voter/overseas-electors/). You should be a citizen of India, absent from the country owing to employment and have not acquired citizenship of any other country and are otherwise eligible to be registered as a voter in the address mentioned in your passport. An overseas elector is not issued an EPIC. You will be allowed to vote in person at the polling station on production of your original passport.

This island nation experiences a sub-tropical climate with hot and humid summers (November to May) having an average temperature of 27°C and a mild to cold winters (June to October) with an average temperature of 22°C. February is the warmest month while July is the coldest. It experiences heavy rainfall from January to May, with lighter rain showers between September to November.

At 48%, Hindus make up the largest part of Mauritian society, followed by Christians and Muslims who make up 32% and 17.5% of it respectively. 0.5% of the population are Buddhists and 1.03% follow other religions.

Being an island nation, the country is frequently hit by tropical cyclones that originate in the southern Indian Ocean during November to March. Cyclones can cause widespread damage. That’s why its extremely important to know how to handle cyclones. How to handle cyclones In case of a cyclone, four warning classes can be issued. For a class 3, colleges and offices are closed and the public is advised to stay indoors. However, in case of a class 4 warning, all activities come to a stop. Cyclones can disrupt water and electricity supply so it’s important to ensure that you have enough supply of water, candles, emergency lights and batteries that would last you a few days. Also, since everything is shut during the cyclone (and for a few days after it), ensure that you also store enough food.

Migrant workers in Mauritius enjoy the same rights as Mauritian nationals when it comes to working relations and conditions. Here are a few things to know about the same: a) Remuneration Mauritus follows a minimum wage system. Currently, it’s eight thousand one hundred and forty Mauritian Rupees per month (₹8,140) for export oriented enterprises and eight thousand and five hundred Mauritian Rupees per month (₹8,500) for non-export oriented enterprises. The employer will provide you with a payslip that clearly specifies your revenues and expenses. In case you’re working over the specified hours, you are entitled to an overtime pay. Uniform, safety equipment and tools are provided by the employer and should not be deducted from your pay. Your employer must not deny the basic safety and health precautions as per the Occupational and Health Safety Act 2005. You have the right to enjoy your leave as per your contract of employment and in compliance with the Labour Laws of Mauritius b) Food, lodging and transport Your employer must provide you with an accommodation with a valid Lodging Accommodation Permit. You must get a separate bed with mattress. As per Occupational Safety and Health Regulations 2011, you are entitled to reliable water supply, clean and hygienic bathrooms, a locker for personal belongings, cooking facilities and utensils, freezers and refrigerators, furniture, and first aid facilities. It is your employers responsibility to provide travelling facilities or refund your travelling expenses. In case of overtime, your employer should provide you with a free meal or meal allowance of MUR 70. c) Health and safety You are entitled to safe and healthy working conditions and must be informed of the safety and health standards at your workplace. Medical treatment is free in Public Health Institutions in Mauritius. It is your employers responsibility that you’re taken to a public hospital, at their cost, in case of work injury. You must be provided with protective equipment and clothing in case of risks of bodily injury. d) Training You must be provided with appropriate training and information about the materials and tools you’re handling. The training must be provided in a language that you understand. e) Discrimination You enjoy the same civil rights as a Mauritian national in the country. As per the Employment Rights Act, you are entitled to the same remuneration as any other Mauritian worker. The Equal Opportunities Act (EOA) prohibits discrimination based on status of a person and this includes age, creed, caste, sex, sexual orientation, race, place of origin and ethnicity, colour, or impairment. f) Union You are free to become a member of a trade union at your workplace as long as you’re participating in lawful activities.

Navigating the complexities of living abroad, particularly in Japan, involves understanding the avenues of repatriation and deportation available to Indian migrants. Here’s a detailed look at what these terms entail and the support mechanisms provided by the Indian government through its embassy in Tokyo. 1. Repatriation: Repatriation, facilitated by the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), involves the process of returning individuals to their home country due to various circumstances. The MEA offers guidance on when and how repatriation can be sought, highlighting instances where costs are borne by the employer. This includes scenarios such as completing or terminating an employment contract or in unfortunate cases of death, where the employer covers repatriation expenses and settlement of dues to the deceased's family. For further information on repatriation procedures, visit MEA's official guidance. In instances where Indian migrant workers and their families no longer meet legal residence conditions in Japan, the Embassy of India collaborates with Japanese authorities to facilitate their smooth return to India, including the issuance of temporary passports. 2. Deportation: Contrarily, deportation occurs when a foreign national violates immigration laws in their host country, leading to expulsion by local authorities. While the Indian embassy may not prevent deportation for immigration violations, it can intervene in cases where the migrant feels unfairly targeted or claims innocence. The embassy can advocate on behalf of the individual with local immigration authorities to address concerns and ensure fair treatment.

Migrant workers in Japan are afforded legal protections under various labour laws aimed at ensuring fair treatment and safe working conditions. These rights include equal treatment regardless of nationality, protection from forced labour and safeguards against discrimination. 1. Labour Standards Act 2. Labour Contracts Act 3. Minimun Wage Act 2. Industrial Safety and Health Act

Japan boasts a predominantly temperate climate, distinguished by four distinct seasons that vary significantly between its northern and southern regions. Northern Japan witnesses prolonged, harsh winters and relatively cool summers, while Central Japan experiences brief, chilly winters and cool, humid summers.

1) e-Migrate To regulate overseas employment, particularly to protect less educated blue-collar workers, the Emigration Check Required (ECR) process is managed through a unique computerised system known as ‘e-Migrate’. This system harmonises all parties involved in the emigration process, facilitating efficient collaboration among stakeholders. 2) MADAD Operated by the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), the MADAD portal serves as a platform to assist and resolve various consular and diaspora-related issues faced by Indian citizens abroad. MADAD, short for “MEA's Assistance to Diaspora in Distress”, allows individuals to register and seek help for concerns including passport and visa issues, legal and financial problems and other consular services. FAQs for MADAD can be accessed here: Consular Services Welcome Message | Consular Services (madad.gov.in) 3) Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana The Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana is a mandatory insurance programme aimed at safeguarding Indian emigrant workers heading for overseas employment in ECR-designated countries. It provides benefits such as insurance coverage for accidental death or permanent disability, medical insurance, repatriation cover for medically unfit or prematurely terminated employment, family hospitalisation, maternity expenses, legal expenses for litigation and more. 4) Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana The Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana is a skill enhancement initiative for Indian youth seeking employment in high-demand sectors on the global job market. It is overseen by the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) in collaboration with the MEA and the Union Ministry of Skill Development. 5) Pravasi Bharatiya Sahayata Kendra Established by the Ministry of External Affairs, the Pravasi Bharatiya Sahayata Kendra (PBSK) serves as a dedicated facilitation centre providing essential assistance to individuals aspiring to work abroad. PBSK aims to streamline support services for migrant and potential migrant workers, offering guidance and aid on relevant matters. 6) Indian Community Welfare Fund The Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF), operational across all Indian Missions and Posts globally, provides crucial aid to overseas Indian citizens during emergencies and urgent situations. It prioritises assistance based on a means-tested approach to those in greatest need, facilitating emergency repatriation from conflict zones, natural disaster-affected areas and other challenging circumstances. More information is available here: https://www.myscheme.gov.in/schemes/icwf 7) FAQs by Ministry of External Affairs The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) oversees matters related to Indian migrants working abroad. It is recommended for individuals and families to familiarise themselves with the guidelines provided by the MEA. Relevant information can be found here: https://mea.gov.in/repatriation-to-india.htm 8) Legal Assistance Abroad Indian Missions may offer initial legal assistance to Indian migrants abroad, primarily in deserving cases and subject to means-testing, where the individual cannot afford legal help independently. Further details can be found here: https://mea.gov.in/legal-assistance-abroad.htm

The time difference between India Standard Time (IST) and Japan Standard Time (JST) is 3 hours and 30 minutes, with Japan being ahead of India.

Japan's climate and topography contribute to its resilience in managing natural challenges. The nation experiences earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons, heavy snowfall, volcanic eruptions and other natural phenomena, prompting a proactive approach to preparedness and response.

The major cities of Japan include its capital, Tokyo, along with Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, Kawasaki, Kyoto and Sendai.

Japan features an extensive network of subways and trains, vital for commuting within and between cities. However, suburban areas often have less comprehensive train services, with buses filling the gap in public transport. Japan provides a range of rail and city passes for regular travellers, offering convenient travel options. A lot of migrant workers also use bicycles for local transport.

In Japan, the most commonly spoken language is Japanese, which is the official language used universally across the country. English is also widely used for international communication, business and tourism purposes. Some ethnic communities communicate in Ryukyuan languages or Korean, reflecting Japan's linguistic diversity.

Migrant workers in Japan often face the significant hurdle of a language barrier, as Japanese is the predominant language used in daily interactions and professional contexts. This can initially present challenges in communication and integration. However, there is reassurance in knowing that NSDC International offers tailored language training programmes to mitigate this issue. These programmes are designed to equip individuals with essential language skills necessary for effective communication, facilitating a smoother transition and enhanced integration into both professional environments and daily life.

The cost of living in Japan for a migrant worker is balanced by the benefits of residing in a well-developed and efficient society. Although urban centres like Tokyo and Osaka can be costly in terms of housing and daily expenses, there are also more affordable areas with reasonable housing and living costs. Essential items such as groceries, public transport and healthcare services are generally of high quality and are accessible to all residents. Also, the availability of various job opportunities and the potential for competitive salaries make it feasible for migrant workers to maintain a comfortable lifestyle while experiencing the rich culture and modern conveniences that Japan offers.

The Embassy of India in Japan is located in Tokyo. The contact details are as follows: Embassy of India, Tokyo Address: 2-2-11 Kudan-Minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo - 102-0074 Telephone: +81 3 3262-2391 to 97 Fax: +81 3 3234-4866 Consulate General of India, Osaka-Kobe Address: Consulate General of India, 10F, Semba I.S. Building, 1-9-26, Kyutaromachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka - 541-0056 Telephone: 00-81-06-4963-3219 (Visa enquiries) / 06-6261-7299 / 06-6261-9299 Fax: 00-81-6-6261-7201 Consular Functions Consular functions are an important part of the duties and responsibilities entrusted to designated officers of Indian Missions/Posts abroad. These duties broadly include: a) Welfare of Indians abroad, b) Financial assistance to Indian citizens and repatriation of Indian citizens, c) Registration of births and deaths of Indian citizens, d) Solemnisation of marriages under the Special Marriage Act 1969, Foreign Marriage Act 1969 and the rules thereunder, e) Consular assistance to arrested Indian citizens, f) Assistance in case of the death of Indian citizens, including death compensation and the remittance thereof, g) Assistance relating to war graves, war damage pay, pension and provident fund, h) Dealing with civil and criminal proceedings against Indians abroad.

Finding employment opportunities in Japan can be a challenging endeavour, requiring navigating job searches, applications, migration processes and settling into a new country. The National Skill Development Corporation International offers assistance in finding legitimate work opportunities in Japan, thereby reducing the risk of encountering fraudulent schemes. For Indians, two main programmes provide avenues for legitimate work in Japan: the Technical Intern Training Programme (TTIP) and the Specified Skilled Workers (SSW) programme. 1) Technical Intern Training Programme (TITP) The Technical Intern Training Programme (TITP) is a collaboration between the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) of India and various Japanese ministries. It aims to transfer skills and knowledge gained in Japan back to developing nations like India. Eligible candidates, aged 18 years and above and of Indian nationality, undergo training in India facilitated by Approved Sending Organisations (SOs). This training includes Japanese language proficiency and specific domain training essential for working in Japan. Upon selection by Supervising Organisations (SVOs/IOs) in Japan, candidates receive a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) through their SOs, which is necessary for their visa application process. 2) Specified Skilled Workers (SSW) The Specified Skilled Worker (SSW) programme was introduced by Japan to address specific labour shortages across designated sectors. Candidates, also aged 18 years or older, must demonstrate knowledge or experience in one of the specified sectors mentioned below: Nursing care Building cleaning management Shipbuilding and ship machinery industry Aviation industry Agriculture Manufacture of food and beverages Automobile repair and maintenance Construction industry Machine parts & tooling/ Industrial machinery/ Electric, electronics & information Industries Accommodation industry Fishery & aquaculture Food service industry Successful applicants need to pass Japanese language proficiency tests (N4 level or above) and sector-specific skills proficiency tests unless they have completed three years in the TITP programme in the same sector. Once selected by a Japanese company, candidates apply for a status of residence through Immigration, allowing them to stay in Japan for up to five years. 3) Resources and Further Information For Indians interested in exploring these opportunities, resources such as the NSDC provide detailed information on both the TITP and SSW programmes. Additionally, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) offers essential travel advisories and guidelines regarding employment in Japan. The Immigration Services Agency of Japan provides comprehensive details on the COE and visa application processes. Further support and detailed guidelines on the Specified Skilled Worker programme are available through the official support website for SSW by the Japanese Government.

Approximately 40,000 Indians currently reside in Japan, with a historically significant population having lived in Kobe, one of Japan's major ports. Recently, the Kansai area has emerged as a focal point for Indians, surpassing Kobe in population percentage. Key Indian organisations in the Kansai area include The Indian Chamber of Commerce, Japan, The Indian Social Society, Japan and The Indian Club. Throughout Japan, numerous Indian associations exist, listed on the Embassy of India, Tokyo's website.

Foreign nationals who are permitted to live in Japan for over three months must enrol in either National Health Insurance (NHI) or in the health insurance system provided through their workplace. Below are key points regarding enrolment in the National Health Insurance (NHI) system and its benefits: a) Enrolling in the NHI system provides an insurance card, essential for accessing healthcare services. It should be kept safe and carried at all times. b) Participants contribute through insurance premiums to cover medical expenses. c) Presenting the insurance card at hospitals typically reduces out-of-pocket expenses to around 30% of medical costs for treatment and medications.

Upon arrival in Japan, Indian migrants staying for more than three months must obtain a Residence Card. This card serves as their official identification, displaying personal details, residency status and period of stay. It can be used for administrative procedures and contractual agreements. Issuance of Residence Card: Issued upon initial entry at specified airports (e.g., Narita, Haneda, Kansai) or through a municipal office after notifying the change of residence. Renewal is required for extensions or changes in residency status. Carrying Requirements: Individuals aged 16 and over must carry their Residence Card at all times, as it serves as a primary identification document in Japan.

General Visa: Technical Intern Training (i) (a)/(b) Indian nationals planning to work in Japan under the Technical Intern Training Programme (TITP) must apply for this visa. The visa allows a stay of up to one year, determined by the Minister of Justice. Required documents include a valid passport, completed visa application form, one passport-size photograph and the Certificate of Eligibility (original or copy). Working Visa for Specified Skilled Worker (i/ii) For those seeking employment under specified skilled categories in Japan, two options exist: i. Offers a duration of 1 year, 6 months or 4 months. ii. Allows stays of 3 years, 1 year or 6 months. Applicants must submit their passport, completed visa application form, one passport-size photograph and the Certificate of Eligibility (original or copy). It is mandatory to include the Certificate of Eligibility with the visa application.

The approximate straight-line distance between major cities such as New Delhi, India and Tokyo, Japan, is estimated to be around 5,500 kilometres (3,400 miles). The flight duration between New Delhi, India and Tokyo, Japan, typically ranges from 8 to 10 hours, depending on the specific flight route and any layovers.

Japanese cuisine is renowned for its diversity and emphasis on fresh, seasonal ingredients. Staples such as rice, seafood and noodles form the foundation of many dishes. Vegetarian: Vegetable tempura, Nasu dengaku, Okonomiyaki, Hiyayakko, Shojin ryori Vegan: Inari sushi, Vegetable yakisoba, Avocado maki sushi, Yasai itame, Kappa maki sushi Meat: Chicken katsu, Gyu don, Yakitori, Buta no kakuni, Sashimi

The Public Holidays in Japan are as follows: New Year’s Day: 1st January Coming of Age Day: 8th January National Foundation Day: 11th February Emperor’s Birthday: 23rd February Vernal Equinox Day: 20th March Shōwa Day: 29th April Constitution Memorial Day: 3rd May Greenery Day: 4th May Children’s Day: 5th May Marine Day: 15th July Mountain Day: 11th August Respect for the Aged Day: 16th September Autumnal Equinox Day: 23rd September Sports Day: 14th October Culture Day: 3rd November Labour Thanksgiving Day: 23rd November

Navigating financial matters as a migrant worker in Japan demands careful planning and foresight. Follow these essential practices to ensure your financial stability and security: Record-Keeping: Maintain detailed records of payments received, leaves taken and reimbursements owed. Track your savings and expenses separately for clarity and financial management. Banking Benefits: Request your employer to deposit your salary directly into your bank account. This practice safeguards your earnings from theft, accrues modest interest and facilitates seamless remittance transfers to your family. Budget Wisely: Develop a comprehensive budget that accounts for savings goals, regular expenses, emergency funds, insurance contributions and remittances. Effective budgeting ensures financial discipline and prepares you for future financial needs. Seek Safe Investments: Consult with your bank to explore secure investment options tailored to your financial objectives. Investing wisely can generate additional income from your savings over time. Manage Debt Prudently: Minimise borrowing and only incur debt when necessary. If your employer provides financial assistance, use it responsibly for its intended purpose. Make regular repayments to clear debts promptly and avoid unnecessary financial strain. Avoid Signing Blank Documents: Protect yourself from potential fraud or legal issues by refusing to sign blank papers. Always read and understand the content of any document before signing, ensuring clarity and safeguarding your interests. By adhering to these practices, you can navigate financial challenges with confidence while maximising your financial well-being as a migrant worker in Japan.

Greetings: Japanese greetings typically involve bowing rather than shaking hands, although handshakes are becoming more common, especially with foreigners. A Japanese handshake is usually light, often accompanied by a slight bow to show respect. Body Language: Nodding is important in Japanese communication to indicate understanding and attentiveness. Extended eye contact is considered impolite, so maintaining moderate eye contact is advised. Public displays of affection, such as hugging or excessive touching, should be avoided. Sitting upright with both feet on the floor is customary and crossing ankles should be avoided. Communication: Japanese often address others by their surname followed by "san," a term of respect. They tend to speak softly and appreciate pauses in conversation. Maintaining a comfortable distance during conversations is also a cultural norm. Shoes: In traditional Japanese settings like homes, temples and some restaurants, it's customary to remove shoes at the entrance. However, in Western-style restaurants and office buildings, wearing shoes indoors is generally acceptable. Drinking: Drinking in Japan is often a social activity. It's polite to pour drinks for others before filling your own glass and to hold your glass up when someone pours for you. A partially filled glass indicates you do not want more, whereas an empty glass suggests you would like a refill. Dining: When offered food, it's polite to hesitate before accepting. It's customary to try a bit of each dish, even if you don't eat much. Leaving a little food on your plate signifies satisfaction. Slurping noodles is acceptable and may even be seen as a compliment to the chef. Public Bathing: Traditional Japanese baths require removing all clothing and washing thoroughly before entering the communal bath. Inside, silence is observed and activities like swimming, eating or taking photos are considered inappropriate. Before exiting, towel dry in the designated area to maintain cleanliness. Dressing: Dressing in Japan leans towards modern and conservative styles. For business settings, men typically wear dark suits and ties, while women opt for dresses or suits with conservative colours and styles. Even if an invitation suggests casual attire, dressing neatly is often expected. Gifts: Gift-giving in Japan is a thoughtful gesture. Allow your Japanese counterpart to initiate the exchange and present gifts with both hands and a slight bow. It's customary to downplay the gift's significance by saying it's "just a small token." Proper wrapping is essential, as presentation matters as much as the gift itself.

The national flag of Japan, known as the Hinomaru or "circle of the sun," displays a crimson-red circle on a white background. It symbolises Japan's identity and values such as purity and sincerity and has been the official flag since 1999.

Indian migrants living in Japan may encounter various challenges during their stay. Addressing these issues positively can help navigate and overcome obstacles effectively. 1) Visa and Employment Issues Expired Visa: If your visa has expired and your employer is not renewing it, making your stay illegal, consider seeking assistance from the Indian embassy or consulate to facilitate your return to India. Passport Retention: If your employer insists on holding your passport, politely explain that it is essential for your identification and travel. Seek consular assistance if the issue persists. Passport Confiscation: In case your employer has taken your passport, reach out to the Indian consulate for help in retrieving it and ensuring your safe return to India. Job Role Discrepancy: If you are being asked to perform physical labour despite being hired as a skilled worker, discuss the situation with your employer. If unresolved, seek advice from the Indian consulate or local labour authorities. Visa and Contract Cancellation: Should your employer cancel your visa or contract, immediately contact the Indian embassy or consulate for guidance on your next steps. 2) Lodging Complaints Against a Foreign Employer Utilise consular services in Japan, the e-Migrate system or the MADAD Portal to register complaints against your employer. These platforms are designed to assist you in resolving such issues. 3) Keeping in Touch with Your Family Maintaining communication with your family is crucial for emotional well-being and safety. Pre-Departure: Share your employer's contact details with your family in India and carry the contact numbers of all your family members when you travel to Japan. Post-Arrival: Once you have your Japanese phone number, share it with your family. Additionally, with permission, share the contact numbers of your co-workers for emergency situations. Social Media: Utilise platforms such as WhatsApp or Facebook to stay connected with your family once you have internet access. Regular Communication: Regular calls to your family can help alleviate feelings of alienation and estrangement, ensuring you feel supported and connected. By addressing challenges proactively and maintaining strong communication with your family, you can have a more positive and fulfilling experience as a migrant worker in Japan.

The official currency of Japan is the Japanese Yen. As of May 2024, 1 Japanese Yen (JPY) is equivalent to 0.53 Indian Rupees (INR).

India and Japan enjoy a well-established and positive relationship. This strategic partnership fosters a welcoming environment for skilled professionals seeking opportunities abroad. Japanese investment has demonstrably bolstered India's economic growth and skilled Indian talent is increasingly sought after in various sectors, including technology, manufacturing and healthcare. This strong collaboration presents a promising path for Indian skilled workers seeking to contribute their expertise within a supportive and dynamic market.

To open a bank account in Japan, you will typically need several documents to verify your identity and residential status. These include your passport with a valid visa or residence permit, a residence card (Zairyu card) issued by Japanese authorities, proof of your address in Japan (such as a utility bill or rental agreement) and employment details, which could be a letter from your employer confirming your status and income.

Migrant workers should pack clothes suitable for Japan's climate, personal hygiene products, an adequate supply of medications and snacks. They should ensure their baggage complies with airline restrictions and check baggage allowances.

Migrant workers should ensure they have their passport, valid visa, original employment contract, ID documents and a copy of their medical certificate. They should also obtain their Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY) policy document.

A: Choosing the right bank involves considering various factors that cater to non-residents or migrants. Look for banks that offer accessible branch locations or ATMs, provide services in English or with multilingual support and have reasonable fees and charges for transactions and international transfers. Some banks may also offer online banking options, which can be convenient for managing your finances remotely.

A: AML (Anti-Money Laundering) and KYC (Know Your Customer) regulations are designed to prevent illegal activities such as money laundering and terrorism financing. Migrants must comply with these regulations by providing necessary documentation to facilitate smooth remittance transactions.

Germany boasts a population of approximately 83 million inhabitants. The majority of the populace is of German descent, although sizeable minorities of Turkish, Polish, and Italian origin also reside within the country. Additionally, the number of individuals born in India and currently residing in Germany is recorded as 210,385.

In general, Germans favour a casual and understated style of dress, opting for practicality and comfort over flamboyance. While jeans, sweaters, T-shirts, shirts, dresses, suits, coats, and boots comprise common wardrobe staples, traditional German attire like dirndls and lederhosen have not entirely disappeared from the sartorial landscape. However, these garments are typically reserved for special occasions and cultural celebrations, offering a glimpse into the country's rich heritage.

Germany boasts several major rivers, including the Rhine, Elbe, and Danube. The Rhine, the longest river in Germany, traverses the nation from west to east. The Elbe, the second longest, flows north to south, while the Danube, the third longest, meanders through the country from east to west.

German cuisine is renowned for its hearty and flavourful dishes, reflecting the nation's rich historical and cultural tapestry. Additionally, the widespread availability of Indian cuisine further enriches the culinary landscape of Germany. Regional variations play a significant role in German gastronomy, with each region boasting its own unique specialities. Here are some iconic dishes that exemplify the diversity and richness of German cuisine: Bratwurst: A grilled sausage typically made from pork or veal, often served alongside sauerkraut and potatoes. Currywurst: A grilled sausage coated in a tangy curry ketchup and curry powder, a beloved street food staple in Berlin. Sauerkraut: Pickled cabbage, frequently served as an accompaniment to sausages or other meats. Knödel: Dumplings crafted from bread, potatoes, or semolina, often served in stews or soups. Doner kebab: A Turkish import featuring grilled meat, vegetables, and sauces wrapped in pita bread, a popular fast food option in Germany. Schnitzel: A breaded and fried cutlet, usually made from veal or pork, often paired with potatoes or vegetables. Apfelstrudel: A delectable pastry filled with apples, raisins, and spices, commonly served with vanilla sauce or ice cream. Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte: A decadent chocolate cake layered with cherries and kirschwasser (cherry brandy), originating from the Black Forest region. Lebkuchen: A traditional gingerbread cookie, often adorned with nuts and spices, enjoyed as a festive treat during Christmas.

The topography of Germany is predominantly characterised by low-lying plains, gradually rising to hills and mountains in the southern regions. The Zugspitze, situated within the Bavarian Alps, stands as the nation's highest peak, reaching an elevation of 2,962 metres (9,718 feet).

Connecting with diaspora groups and organizations can enrich your experience in Germany. They offer valuable information, support, and opportunities to participate in community events. You can find these groups through online platforms like Facebook (e.g., "Indians in Germany" groups), or by asking Indian workers in your area for recommendations. Remember to exercise caution when interacting online and prioritize your safety and security.

The establishment of the German Empire in 1871 marks a significant milestone in the formal unification of the German nation-state. However, the notion of a unified German identity is a complex and contested one. Some scholars argue that the true birth of modern Germany occurred in 1990, with the reunification of East and West Germany following the collapse of the Berlin Wall. Others propose a much longer historical trajectory, tracing the origins of a German "nation"—defined as a collective sharing language, culture, and historical narratives—back millennia.

India, operating on Indian Standard Time (IST), is 3 hours and 30 minutes ahead of Germany, which adheres to Central European Time (CET). This time difference implies that when it is 12:00 PM in Germany, it is 3:30 PM in India.

Characterised by a long-standing tradition of immigration, Germany experienced a notable population growth of 1.3% in 2022, equivalent to an increase of 1,122,000 individuals. This followed a more modest growth of 0.1% in the preceding year. By the close of 2022, the Federal Statistical Office reported a total population of 84.4 million residents within Germany. Furthermore, the Central Register of Foreigners (AZR) indicated that approximately 351,000 individuals from non-EU countries, holding temporary residence permits for employment, were registered in Germany at the end of 2022. This underscores the ongoing significance of immigration in shaping the demographic landscape of the country.

Germany boasts the world's fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the fifth-largest by purchasing power parity. It operates as a highly developed social market economy, characterised by a high standard of living and a comparatively low unemployment rate of 3%, notably lower than the global average of 5.8%. The nation's economic strength is underpinned by a robust manufacturing sector, with the automotive industry holding a position of prominence. Germany also excels as a major exporter of both goods and services. However, the economy is not without its challenges, including an ageing population and the increasing prevalence of automation. These are counterbalanced by strengths such as a highly skilled workforce and the aforementioned strong manufacturing base, which continue to drive economic growth and resilience.

The official language of Germany is German, spoken by the vast majority of the population. However, due to the country's diverse population and history of immigration, several other languages are also commonly spoken. These include English, French, Turkish, Polish, Russian, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese.

Germany boasts a diverse array of geological formations, such as the Rhine Valley, the Black Forest, and the Alps. The Rhine Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is renowned for its picturesque landscapes and historical settlements. The Black Forest, a mountain range in southwestern Germany, is celebrated for its dense forests, serene lakes, and cascading waterfalls. The Alps, bordering Germany to the south, offer a haven for outdoor enthusiasts, providing ample opportunities for skiing, hiking, and mountaineering.

The climate of Germany is significantly influenced by the North Atlantic Drift, a warm ocean current that flows along the coast of Western Europe. This moderating influence contributes to milder winters in Germany than would be expected given its latitude. Generally, the climate of Germany is considered mild and pleasant, making it an attractive destination for tourists throughout the year. However, like many regions, Germany is not immune to extreme weather events, with occasional occurrences of floods and droughts impacting the country. The country experiences a predominantly temperate climate, characterised by mild summers and cool winters. The mean temperature in January hovers around 0 ̊C (32 ̊F), while July typically sees an average of 20 ̊C (68 ̊F).

In Germany, all employed individuals are entitled to comprehensive social security rights, regardless of background. The country prioritizes social security within a human rights framework, as reflected in its constitution, the "Grundgesetz." 1. Social Security Agreement India and Germany signed a social security agreement in 2008, ensuring coverage for old employees, disabled individuals, and economically active persons. Employees are subject to the laws of the country where they work. 2. Employment Laws Seven key German labor laws protect foreign employees: General Equal Treatment Act (AGG): Prohibits discrimination and mandates employer protection against it. Maternity Protection Act: Safeguards pregnant women's rights, including paid leave before childbirth. Part-Time & Fixed-Term Work Act (TzBfG): Protects part-time and contract employees from discrimination. Federal Act on Holidays: Guarantees a minimum of 20 paid vacation days per year. Minimum Wage Act: Ensures a minimum hourly wage of 12 euros (as of October 2022). Hours of Work Act: Regulates working hours, breaks, and rest days. Protection Against Dismissal Act: Protects employees from unjustified termination. 3. Social Insurance Germany's comprehensive social insurance system provides financial security in various situations. Compulsory contributions cover: Statutory health insurance: Covers most medical costs. Pension insurance: Provides for retirement. Long-term care insurance: Covers care needs due to age, accident, or illness. Unemployment insurance: Offers financial support to those out of work. Occupational accident insurance: Protects against workplace accidents and illnesses. Upon starting work, you'll receive a social security ID (Sozialversicherungsausweis) as proof of membership in the system.

Indian migration to Germany began in the early 20th century, primarily attracting independence fighters and students. This continued post-war, with students and later Catholic nurses from Kerala forming the initial wave. These immigrants integrated successfully, establishing the first Indian associations. Smaller-scale migration occurred in East Germany, mainly involving temporary workers. Germany is divided into four consular regions: Berlin, Frankfurt, Hamburg, and Munich. The majority of Indian diaspora associations are concentrated around Frankfurt, followed by Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich. Consular officials oversee diaspora matters. The Indian community in Germany, encompassing both expatriates and German citizens of Indian origin, numbered around 247,000 in 2022, with 198,000 having a migration background. This constitutes the second-largest group from South, Southeast, East, or Central Asia, after Afghans. Various speaking unions exist for Hindi, Tamil, English, Marathi, and Telugu languages. The Indian Culture Centre in Germany and other diaspora groups offer opportunities for engagement within the community.

Germany boasts a rich cultural heritage, shaped by its historical legacy and its position at the heart of Europe. The nation is home to a multitude of globally renowned cultural institutions, including the esteemed Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra and the opulent Munich Opera House. Germany is equally celebrated for its culinary traditions, notably its diverse array of beers, sausages, and vibrant festivals.

Public holidays in Germany are a time for people to relax and celebrate with family and friends. Many businesses and schools are closed on public holidays. The Public Holidays in Germany are as follows In addition to these federal holidays, each state in Germany also has its own holidays. For example, the state of Bavaria has a holiday on October 12, which is the feast day of Saint Corbinian, the patron saint of Bavaria.

Germany has a wide range of transport options available to the public. Let’s look into them: Trains in germany Germany boasts an extensive and efficient public transportation system, encompassing both regional and urban train services. Regional Train Services: Interregio-Express (IRE) and Regional-Express (RE): These regional trains connect cities and towns within a specific region, offering faster service than local trains. Regionalbahn (RB): These local trains stop at all stations along a particular route, providing comprehensive coverage of the region. S-Bahn (Stadtschnellbahn): These suburban trains link urban centers with their surrounding suburbs, facilitating commuter travel. Deutsche Bahn (DB), the national railway company, operates most of these regional train services, although some private companies also contribute to the network. Urban Train Services: U-Bahn (Untergrundbahn): These underground metro networks operate within major cities, providing rapid transit for urban commuters. U-Bahn networks and trams are typically managed by local public transportation authorities in each city. S-Bahn Networks: There are 14 S-Bahn networks in Germany, serving major metropolitan areas: o Berlin o Bremen o Dresden o Hamburg o Hanover o Magdeburg o Mitteldeutschland (Leipzig and Halle) o Munich (München) o Nuremberg (Nürnberg) o Rhein-Main (Frankfurt am Main) o Rhein-Neckar (Heidelberg and Mannheim) o Rhein-Ruhr (Bonn, Cologne, Dortmund, Düsseldorf, and Essen) o Rostock o Stuttgart U-Bahn Networks: There are four U-Bahn networks in Germany, located in the following cities: o Berlin o Hamburg o Munich o Nuremberg 1. Train tickets and costs in Germany Train ticket prices in Germany vary considerably depending on the type of service and the booking method. a) Regional and Urban Trains: For regional and urban trains (Regionalbahn, Regional-Express, S-Bahn, and U-Bahn), advance booking is typically unnecessary. Ticket prices are fixed, and reservations are neither required nor available. Whether purchased online or at a ticket machine, the price remains consistent. b) Intercity Trains (IC, EC, ICE): Advance booking is customary for intercity services, and three fare types are available: Flexpreis: This is the full fare price, with second-class tickets capped at €157.50. It offers flexibility with free exchanges and refunds and is valid on any train of the same or lower service class on the same day. Additionally, it includes same-day public transportation for journeys exceeding 100 kilometres. Sparpreis: This discounted fare can be as low as €21.10 for second-class tickets. Cancellations are permitted before the travel date for a fee of €10, while refunds are issued as vouchers. These tickets are only valid for the specific trains listed on the ticket and include same-day public transportation for journeys over 100 kilometres. Super Sparpreis: This is the most affordable fare option, with second-class tickets starting at €17.50. However, it comes with no cancellations or refunds and is restricted to the trains specified on the ticket. It does not include local public transportation. c) Advance Ticket Sales: Advance ticket sales for German trains open 180 days prior to the departure date. Tickets can be purchased at DB ticket offices, through the DB Navigator app, or on the Deutsche Bahn website. Online ticket sales are available in several languages, including German, English, Czech, Danish, Dutch, French, Italian, Polish, and Spanish. By understanding the different fare types and booking options, travellers can make informed decisions and potentially save money on their train journeys in Germany. 2. Train timetables and maps in Germany Deutsche Bahn, the German railway company, does not offer a downloadable version of their complete timetable. However, you can use their online booking tool to search for specific itineraries, or you can download route maps and departure/arrival plans for individual stations. 3. Train stations in Germany With approximately 5,400 train stations across Germany, Deutsche Bahn employs a practical categorisation system (Preisklasse) to inform passengers about the services and amenities available at each station. Preisklasse (Category 1): These 21 stations are the major transportation hubs of Germany, offering comprehensive services such as staffed counters, shops, dining options, and accessible platforms. Examples include Berlin Hauptbahnhof and Düsseldorf Hauptbahnhof. Preisklasse (Category 2): These 86 stations are important intercity stops, typically staffed during train operating hours. Braunschweig Hauptbahnhof and Hagen Hauptbahnhof fall into this category. Preisklasse (Category 3): There are 239 stations in this category, usually serving cities with populations of around 50,000. They feature a station hall with some shopping options but are not permanently staffed. Examples include Eisenach and Bad Hersfeld. Preisklasse (Category 4): These 630 stations primarily serve regional commuter traffic and lack ticketing offices. Ludwigslust and Meiningen are examples of Category 4 stations. Preisklasse (Category 5): With 1,070 stations, this category encompasses those serving small towns and outer suburbs. They typically have basic and robust equipment to withstand potential vandalism. Examples include Marburg Süd and Wedel (Holst). Preisklasse (Category 6): These 2,500 stations are located in sparsely populated areas and offer minimal amenities. Niesky and Raddusch are examples of Category 6 stations. Preisklasse (Category 7): The 870 stations in this category are found in rural areas and usually consist of a single platform with infrequent service. Miesterhorst and Ueckermünde Stadthafen fall into this category. Buses in Germany Bus services in Germany are not managed by a single national authority. Each federal state (Land) oversees local transportation within its borders. This results in a diverse network of bus service providers. Transport associations (Verkehrsverbund) are responsible for buses and trams within their respective regions. Some examples of public transportation companies in major German cities include: Berlin: BVG Bremen: VBN Cologne and Bonn: VRS Dresden: DVB Frankfurtam Main: RMV Hamburg: HVV Hannover: GVH Leipzig and Halle: LVB Magdeburg: MVB Munich: MVV Nuremberg: VGN Stuttgart: VVS Many German cities also complement their core bus service with trams (Straßenbahnen). Night buses are prevalent in urban areas, though less so in smaller towns. Bus tickets and costs in Germany Ticket prices for buses in Germany are determined by the local public transportation authority operating the service. Generally, five types of tickets are available: Kurzstrecke (short trip ticket): Valid for a very short duration, usually 30 minutes or less, and typically limited to a few stops without transfers. Einzelfahrt (single ticket): Valid for a longer period, usually 60-90 minutes, allowing for transfers between vehicles. In some cities like Berlin, single ticket prices vary based on the number of zones travelled. Tageskarte (day ticket): Offers either unlimited travel for 24 hours from the time of purchase or unlimited travel on a specific calendar day, often with a few additional hours of validity after midnight. Wochenkarte (week ticket): Provides unlimited travel within a specified area for a full week. Gruppentageskarte (group day ticket): Available from some public transportation authorities, these tickets allow up to five passengers to travel on a single ticket, ideal for group outings. Taxis and ride-sharing services in Germany Taxis in Germany are less common and pricier than in some other countries due to the comprehensive public transportation network. While available at hotels, transportation hubs, and taxi stands, they can be harder to hail on the street. Using taxi apps, direct calls, or requesting assistance from businesses are often more effective. Fares are standardized with regional variations, typically involving a base fare of €3-5 plus €1-3 per kilometer. Longer trips may have negotiated or fixed fares. Agreeing on a price upfront is essential for journeys over 50 kilometers, as drivers must take the shortest route. For frequent train travellers, Deutsche Bahn offers BahnCards, providing discounts on ticket prices: BahnCard 25: 25% off all train tickets (Flexpreis, Sparpreis, and Super Sparpreis). BahnCard 50: 50% off Flexpreis tickets; 25% off Sparpreis and Super Sparpreis tickets. BahnCard 100: Unlimited travel across the Deutsche Bahn network. Youth BahnCard 25: 25% off Flexpreis and Sparpreis tickets for travellers aged 6-18. It's crucial to stay updated on the latest regulations and restrictions in Germany. Some general rules to keep in mind include: Speed limits: The maximum speed limit on highways is 130 kilometers per hour (81 miles per hour). Drinking and driving: The legal blood alcohol content (BAC) limit is 0.05%. Smoking: Prohibited in most public places, including restaurants, bars, and public transportation. Penalties: Violations of the law in Germany can result in severe penalties, including hefty fines for offences like driving under the influence.

1. Benefits of Moving to Germany Economic Advantages: Migration to Germany offers higher wages and favourable currency exchange rates, leading to enhanced financial prospects. Social Enrichment: Migrants benefit from experiencing a diverse culture, interacting with people from various backgrounds, and acquiring new skills and knowledge. It is crucial to weigh the costs and benefits of migration to ensure that the positive outcomes significantly outweigh any potential drawbacks. 2. The Costs of Working in Germany Before deciding to migrate to Germany, it's crucial to assess the costs and benefits involved. There are three main types of costs to consider: Economic: These include recruitment fees, passport and visa costs, emigration clearance, insurance, airfare (ideally covered by your employer), and other migration-related expenses. Social & Emotional: Leaving behind family members and adjusting to a new culture can be emotionally challenging. Health: Migration can sometimes lead to physical and mental health problems like anxiety and depression due to the stress of adapting to a new environment. Weighing these costs against the potential benefits is essential in making an informed decision about whether migration is the right choice for you. 3. Financial Considerations When Moving to Germany Having weighed the costs and benefits of migration and defined your objectives, it's crucial to delve into the financial aspects: Debt Management: If you're borrowing money for migration, ensure a repayment plan that won't hinder your goals. Currency & Exchange Rates: Familiarize yourself with the Euro (EUR) and the exchange rate with the Indian Rupee (INR), currently around €1 = ₹89.81. Learn how to convert between currencies. Cost of Living: Research the expenses in your intended German state, including rent, food, travel, and entertainment, as Germany is generally more expensive than India. Insurance: Obtain necessary insurance coverage before migrating to safeguard against unforeseen events. Understand the types of insurance required and the claims process. Check if Parvas Bhartiya Bima Yojana (PBBY) is mandatory for you. Money Management: Effective financial management is key for a comfortable life and goal achievement: Budgeting: Create a monthly spending plan and adhere to it. Saving: Prioritize saving a portion of your income before spending. Investing: Explore investment options like fixed deposits, recurring deposits, mutual funds, and shares to grow your money. Emergency Fund: Build an emergency fund with at least three months' worth of living expenses to handle unexpected situations. By addressing these financial considerations, you'll be better prepared for a smooth and successful transition to life in Germany. 4. How to find work opportunities in Germany Indian workers seeking employment in Germany have two main avenues: National Skill Development Corporation International (NSDCI): Their job portal (https://www.nsdcinternational.com/looking-for-jobs) offers a platform to explore various job opportunities in Germany. Indian Recruitment Agencies (IRAs): These agencies act as intermediaries, assisting with job placement, document procurement, and contract clarification. a) How to identify a registered recruitment agency To avoid fraud, choose a licensed Indian Recruitment Agency (IRA). Check the MEA Website: Find a list of licensed IRAs on the Ministry of External Affairs website. Verify Registration: Ensure the agency displays a valid Registration Certificate (RC) issued by the Protector General of Emigrants (PGE). Avoid Sub-Agents: Licensed IRAs are not allowed to use sub-agents. Assess Office Premises: Registered IRAs must have adequate office space with necessary amenities. Look for a Signboard: The agency should display a signboard with its name, registration number, and year of registration. Fee Limit: Registered IRAs can charge up to Rs. 30,000 for Emigration Clearance. Report any higher fees to e-Migrate or MADAD portal. b) Responsibilities of recruitment agents Ensure a licensed Indian Recruitment Agency (IRA) adheres to these responsibilities: Provide receipts for payments. Disclose employment details and contract conditions before recruitment. Ensure proper reception by the employer upon arrival in Germany. Prevent the employer from altering contract terms after employment. Ensure employer compliance with contract terms. Timely renewal of documents authorizing your stay in Germany. Facilitate dispute resolution between you and the employer. To file a complaint against an IRA, contact the Protector General of Emigrants (PGE) at pge@mea.gov.in or call Pravasi Bhartiya Sahayata Kendra (PBSK) at 1800-11-3090. 5. Requirements of Moving to Germany To work in Germany, you'll need to meet the following requirements: Age: You must be 18 years or older. Apply for a passport on the Passport Seva website (https://www.passportindia.gov.in/AppOnlineProject/welcomeLink#). Valid Passport: Your passport should be issued within the last 10 years and have at least 2 blank pages for visas. Passport Photos: Submit 3 recent, identical biometric passport photos adhering to ICAO guidelines. Qualifications: Provide proof of academic and professional qualifications, starting with the highest and including your school leaving certificate. Experience: Detail your prior work experience to demonstrate your skills and expertise to immigration authorities. Language Proficiency: While German is widely spoken, language requirements vary by profession. Check if your chosen field requires German language proficiency. Job Description: Submit a signed employment, training, or internship contract from your German employer. Health Insurance: Obtain a certificate of compulsory health insurance from your employer, valid from your employment start date. If not covered, provide separate travel insurance for the period between arrival and employment commencement. 6. Requirements of a German Employment Visa To apply for a German Employment Visa, you will need the following documents: Valid passport (issued within the last ten years, valid for at least another year, and with at least two empty pages) Two signed copies of the completed application form Declaration providing additional contact and legal representation information Three biometric passport photos (not older than six months) Two A4-size copies of your passport's data page Two copies of the Annexure with information about your job in Germany "Erklärung zum Beschäftigungsverhältnis" form filled and signed by your employer, along with Appendix A Proof of vocational training (if applicable) Deficit/partial recognition notification from The Recognition Portal (if applicable) Proof of German language proficiency (at least A2, B1 for nurses) or registration for a German language course Original employment contract Proof of qualification and previous experience certificates Federal Employment Agency approval letter (if applicable) Compulsory health insurance certificate from your German employer Visa fee of 75 EUR/₹6750 paid in INR Remember to submit two sets of these documents, and all certificates, including the employment contract, should be in original. 7. Sections of german employment contract An employment contract outlines the agreement between you and your employer, detailing the rights and responsibilities of both parties. It adheres to German Employment Legislation and should include the following essential details: Inception of the contract Time limit Probation period Place of work Job description Remuneration (Salary) Working hours Paid leaves Notice period Collective bargaining agreements and company agreements

As well as statutory health insurance, pension insurance, unemployment insurance and long-term care insurance, the German government’s social security system also provides several different benefitsand allowances. These are available for anyone on a lower income to help them cover basic subsistence costs such as rent and raising children: Housing benefit (Wohngeld): Available as rent support for tenants or mortgage and home upkeep support for homeowners. Child benefits (Kindergeld): Financial support for parents to help with the costs of raising children. Maternity benefit (Mutterschaftsgeld): Paid leave for mothers before and after childbirth. Parental allowance (Elterngeld): Financial support for parents during the first months of their child's life. Sickness benefit (Krankengeld): Compensation for lost income due to illness. Child sickness benefit (Kinderkrankengeld): Partial reimbursement for lost earnings when caring for a sick child. General Contact Information Emergency Numbers: 112 for fire and ambulance, 110 for police. Hotline for Sexual Assault: 0800 116 016 or online. Embassies: Contact your respective embassy for assistance. Details are available on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs website: https://indianembassyberlin.gov.in/

India and Germany share a strong bilateral relationship based on democratic principles. India becoming an increasingly important trading partner for Germany, both countries see potential for collaboration in various sectors, including knowledge-driven fields like IT, biotechnology, and renewable energy. To promote mutual economic growth, India and Germany have established a Labour Mobility Agreement to facilitate the recruitment and employment of Indian workers in Germany, adhering to the laws of both countries.

Germany possesses a variety of natural resources, notably coal, natural gas, and timber. Additionally, the country has emerged as a significant producer of renewable energy, particularly solar and wind power.

Effective money management in Germany is crucial for achieving your financial goals and handling unforeseen situations. Here's a simplified guide: 1. Open an NRE Account: An NRE (Non-Resident External) account in India allows you to safely keep your money, earn interest, and easily send funds back home, with tax-free benefits. Choose a bank with a branch in Germany for convenience. 2. Embrace Online Banking: Familiarize yourself with online banking features like checking balances, transferring funds, and paying bills. Prioritize security by using strong passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, and avoiding public Wi-Fi for financial transactions. Learn to use digital payment methods like mobile wallets for easy cashless transactions. 3. Manage Your Money: Set Financial Goals: Clearly define your financial objectives and discuss them with your family before migrating. Expenses & Savings: Save a portion of your salary every month before spending. Consult your bank for suitable savings options. Create a budget based on your remaining income, distinguishing between wants and needs. Track Your Spending: Monitor your expenses to ensure adherence to your budget and identify areas for potential savings. Emergency Fund & Insurance: Build an emergency fund for unexpected events like job loss or illness. Obtain adequate insurance coverage to mitigate financial risks. By following these guidelines, you can effectively manage your finances in Germany and work towards achieving your financial goals.

Yes: Ja. (Yah) No: Nein (Nine) Please: Bitte (BIT-tuh) Thank You: Danke (DAN-keh) I’m Sorry: Es tut mir leid (es toot meer lied) You’re welcome: Bitte sehr (BIT- tuh zayr) Excuse me. (getting attention): Entschuldigen Sie. (ent-SHUL-di-gen zee) Excuse me (begging pardon): Entschuldigung. (ent-SHUL-di-goong) I don't understand: Ich verstehe das nicht. (ikh fur-SHTAY-uh dahs nikht) Where's the toilet please?: Wo ist die Toilette, bitte? (voh ist dee twah-LET-uh, BIT-tuh?) Do you speak English? : Sprichst du / Sprechen Sie englisch? (shprikhst doo / shprekhen zee ENG-lish?) I can't speak German well: Ich kann nicht so gut deutsch. (ikh kahn nikht zo goot doytsh) Does anyone here speak English? : Kann hier jemand Englisch? (kahn heer YEH-mahnd ENG-lish?) Help!: Hilfe! (HILL-fuh!) Hello: Guten Tag. (GOO-ten tahk) or Hallo (hah-LOH) (informal) Hello (in Bavaria / Austria): Grüß Gott! (gruus got) (formal, literally: "salute to god") or Servus! (SEHR-voos) (to a friend / informal but polite) Good morning: Guten Morgen. (GOO-ten MOR-gen) Good evening: Guten Abend. (GOO-ten AH-bend) How are you?: Wie geht's? (vee gayts?)  Fine, thank you.: Danke, gut. (DAN-kuh, goot) What's your name?: Wie heißt du? (informal to friends) (vee highst doo?)  / Wie heißen Sie? (formal) (vee HIGH-sen zee?) My name is... : Ich heiße... (ikh HIGH-suh) Nice to meet you: Nett, Sie kennen zu lernen. (net zee KEN-en tsoo LER-nen) Goodbye: Tschüs. (informal) (chuuss) / Auf Wiedersehen (formal) (owf VEE-der-say-en) Goodbye (in Bavaria/Austria): Servus! (ZEHR-foos) (to a friend / informal but polite) Good evening: Guten Abend. (GOO-ten AH-bend) Good night (to sleep): Gute Nacht. (GOO-tuh nakht)

Germany offers various types of work permits tailored to different qualifications and employment situations: General Work Permit: For those who have a job offer in Germany that cannot be filled by an EU national. Exceptional skills are not required. Highly Skilled Worker Permit: Designed for professionals with extensive experience and a high income. EU Blue Card: For highly qualified individuals with a minimum annual salary of €56,400 (or €43,992 for certain professions). Work Permit for Freelancers: For self-employed individuals with proof of potential clients in Germany.

To apply for a Residence Permit in Germany, you must submit an application to both the German embassy and your employer. Your employer will require the following documents: Valid passport: Issued within the last 10 years, valid for at least another year from the visa application date, and with at least two empty pages. Passports with remarks on the front data page are not accepted. Two copies of the application form: Completed and signed. Two copies of the Declaration: Providing additional contact and legal representation information. Two A4-size copies of your passport's data page. Two copies of your employment visa. Original and two copies of the "Erklärung zum Beschäftigungsverhältnis" form: Filled and signed by your future employer, along with Appendix A (Zusatzblatt A). Proof of foreign vocational training. Deficit or partial recognition notification: Issued by the relevant body for recognizing vocational training, found at www.anerkennung-in-deutschland.de. Registration for a language course: If language acquisition is not part of your qualification process.

The Indian government offers several resources to assist individuals seeking work in Germany: e-Migrate Portal (https://emigrate.gov.in/): Captures emigrant data Verifies employer and agency credentials Generates employment contracts Provides Pravasi Bhartiya Bima Yojana insurance (up to ₹10 lakh) Pravasi Bharatiya Sahayata Kendra (PBSK): Offers support services to those seeking employment abroad Registers complaints and channels them to relevant authorities Provides counseling and crisis management Operates a 24x7 helpline (1800-11-3090) Has regional centers in Delhi, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Chennai, and Kochi Protector General of Emigrants (PGE): Protects the interests of Indian workers abroad Grants emigration clearance Inspects emigrant conveyances Inquires into the treatment of emigrants Aids and advises returning emigrants Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PKVY): Provides pre-departure orientation training (PDOT) on the destination country's culture, language, traditions, and laws Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY): Mandatory insurance before applying for Emigration Clearance Premiums of ₹275 (2 years) or ₹375 (3 years) Offers various benefits, including accidental death/disability coverage (₹10 lakh), repatriation, medical cover, etc. By utilizing these resources, Indian workers can access necessary information, support, and protection throughout their employment journey in Germany.

Annual Leave: 21 days if the worker has completed one year of service; and 30 days after 5 years of continuous service with the same employer. Medical leave: First 30 days sick leave with full wage; next 60 days with 3/4th of wage; and without pay for the following 30 days in a single year. Paternity Leave: 3 days leave on the birth of a child. Maternity Leave: 10 weeks - four weeks before the expected date of delivery and six weeks after the delivery, extendable by one month without pay. Leave salary admissible is half the salary, if served with the employer for one year, and full salary if the service is for three years or more. Other Types of leave: Death of spouse or children: 5 days leave will be allowed. A female employee, in the event of death of her husband is entitled to 15-130 days leave under certain conditions. Haj: Paid leave of 10-15 days once during service is allowed for performing Haj for an employee who has previously not performed Haj, after completing two years of service. Public Holidays: Saudi National Day, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha are fully paid holidays and if the workers required to work, they are entitled to overtime.

Eid al-Fitr Eid al-Adha Saudi National Day Mawlid al-Nabi Islamic New Year (Hijri New Year)




Saudi Arabian culture is a blend of Islamic heritage, ancient trade routes, and Bedouin traditions. Emphasising strong family bonds, it values traditions such as respect for elders, modesty, and honesty.

Indian nationals working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia need a Work Visa, obtained through their employer. The employer applies for a work permit, and upon approval, a Visa Authorization Number is issued. The applicant then applies for the visa at the Embassy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in India. Within 90 days of arrival, the employer must also secure the employee's residency permit (Iqama). The Work Visa allows for a specific work period and includes provisions for bringing family on a Family Visit Visa. The application, processed in 5 to 14 days through the embassy, simplifies paperwork for the applicant, mainly handled by the employer. Eligibility for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Work Visa To be eligible to apply for this type of permit, you must meet the following criteria: a) You must possess a passport valid for at least 6 months from the travel date. b) You must be sponsored by a Saudi company or organization. c) You must possess an invitation letter from the Saudi organization attested by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in Arabic. d) Your motive behind the visit must be to participate in work activities for technical professions such as engineering, architecture, etc. Stepwise Process to Attain the Work Visa Before applying for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s work permit, you must confirm that you meet all requirements and have all the required supporting documents. The steps are elaborated below: Step 1: Gathering Required Supporting Documents Your Saudi employer or sponsor would need specific documents from you to apply for your work visa on the Enjazit Website. You must provide them with the necessary paperwork promptly. Step 2: Employer Applies for Your Work Permit with the Labour Ministry After providing required documents, your Saudi employer applies for your work permit on the Enjazit Website, linked to the Ministry of Interior's site. The application status can be checked there from time to time. Step 3: Application For Work Visa at The Embassy Assuming approval from the Ministry of Human Resources & Social Development, your Saudi Arabian employer will inform the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. They will then process the application for the Visa Authorization Number. Once issued, you can apply for a Work Visa at the Embassy in New Delhi or Mumbai, using the Visa Authorization Letter from your employer. Note that visa applications in India are accepted only through registered travel agencies listed on the Embassy's website. Step 4: Application For the Iqama in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia If your work Visa is approved, you can travel to work in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. However, within 90 days of arrival, you must obtain the Saudi Residency Permit (Iqama). The Iqama serves as proof of legal status and is essential for various activities like banking, mobile services, and travel. Your employer is responsible for providing the Iqama within 90 days after your arrival, following a medical test and health insurance arrangement. If not provided or renewed on time, you can contact the Ministry of Labour at the toll-free helpline (19911) to file a complaint. Upon receiving the Iqama, ensure that your name matches your passport. Any corrections can be made through the sponsor at the Jawazat office. The Iqama allows you to stay and work in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for an extended period, granted your employer applies for the residency permit within 90 days. The Ministry of Human Resources & Social Development processes Iqama applications within 1 to 3 weeks. Once approved, carry it at all times as proof of your legal right to work in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Visa Processing Time The processing times for a Work Visa vary at different stages. First, the Ministry of Human Resources & Social Development takes 2 business days to process your employer's work permit application. After approval, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs issues the Visa Authorization Number (VAN) in 14 working days. The Embassy/Consulate then processes your Work Visa in 5 working days. Work Visa Fees Your employer will be liable for your Work Permit fees when they apply for the permit on your behalf. The fees look are as follows: a) 7200 Saudi Riyals (INR 1,59,575) if your employer employs more than 50% of Saudi nationals. This includes 750 SAR (INR 16, 622) for the Iqama 6000 SAR (INR 1,32,979) for the Work Permit and 450 SAR (INR 9,973) for health insurance. b) 8400 SAR (INR 1,86,171) if your employer employs more than 50% of expatriates. The work permit fee increases to 7200 SAR (INR 1,59,575), and the costs for Iqama and health insurance remain the same at 750 SAR (INR 16, 622) & 450 SAR (INR 9,973) respectively. Work Visa Validity Different Work Visas for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have different durations based on your employment contract’s period. Some Work Visas are valid for 6 months from the date of issue. The Saudi Arabian Iqama (residency permit) is valid for up to 1 year. All Work Visas for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia can be renewed with the Ministry of Human Resources & Social Development. Required Documents for Work Visa Your employer must first apply to hire you as an expatriate Indian employee with the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Human Resources & Social Development. They will require the following supporting documents for the application process. Your original passport is valid beyond your employment period. It must also have two blank pages where your Visa will be affixed. Your passport-size photographs on a white background. Your signed employment contract. Your employment letter that the Ministry of External Affairs and the Saudi Arabian Chamber of Commerce have certified. Two copies of signed medical reports/ medical certificate. Certified copies of your college/university qualifications that the Saudi Arabian Cultural Mission has verified. Power Of Attorney Document. Proof of work visa fee payment through the Enjazit website. For Embassy applications, you will simply need to submit the following documents to the chosen registered agency: a) Completed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Work Visa Application Form. b) Valid Indian Passport with validity beyond your employment period in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The passport must also have two clear pages where the Visa stamps can be affixed. c) Two recent passport-size photographs. Financial Requirements for the Work Visa Your Saudi Arabian employer must meet specific requirements for your work visa approval. Besides the work visa fees, which are usually covered by the employer, there are additional fees related to your residence in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Temporary Work Visa The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 is driving a surge in projects, requiring more workers. To meet this demand, a new Temporary Work Visa has been introduced for short-term workers. Regardless of nationality, those intending to work in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia must obtain this visa, with approval from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs secured by the sponsoring company. The visa, valid for 90 days with a 90-day extension option, allows multiple entries, enabling flexibility for workers during this period. It must be used within a year of issuance. Other Visas In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, only those with a valid Employment visa are legally allowed to work. Working on other visas, such as Tourist visas, is prohibited. Offenders face detention, fines, and deportation, with a subsequent ban on re-entry to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. You cannot undertake employment and work in KSA on the following visas Family Visit visa (بعة ئ ل ي شأت ةري يز ةرب tashirato ziyarat eayila) is meant for the family members of the eligible workers to visit them, and employment is prohibited on this visa. Family visa (-شأت ةري يز ةرب) tashirato siyarat) is meant for the family members of the eligible workers to accompany (stay with) them, and employment is prohibited on this visa. Haj Visa ( شأت ةري جح)tashirato Haj) and Umrah visa (شةر ةري أتمع tashirato Umrah) is issued only for the purpose of holy pilgrimage. Business visa (-شأت ةري يراجت ت tashirato tijarih) is meant for investors/business visitors. Business Work visa ( ةريشأت تيراجت Tashirato Tijariah Lilamal) allows companies to bring in skilled and highly specialized categories of workers for specific work of a short duration (2 months) and the holders are required to leave the Kingdom before expiry of the visa. ​ Please note that “Free Visas” do not exist in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Iqama (Residence Permit): A mandatory identification card including personal details, job information, and sponsor details. Sponsorship System (Kafala): The system where migrant workers require a Saudi sponsor (usually their employer) to live and work in the country. Saudi Riyal (SAR): The official currency of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Hijri Calendar: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia uses the Islamic Hijri calendar for official and religious purposes. Halal: Refers to food, practices, or products that adhere to Islamic law. Jumu'ah (Friday) Prayer: The weekly congregational prayer that holds special significance in Islam. Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha: Two major Islamic festivals celebrated in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudization: A government initiative to increase employment opportunities for Saudi nationals. Mabahith (Saudi Intelligence): The Saudi Arabian intelligence agency. Tawuniya: Refers to insurance. Abaya: A traditional black cloak worn by women. Nitaqat System: A program that classifies Saudi companies based on their Saudization efforts, affecting their ability to hire migrant workers. King Fahd International Airport (DMM): The main airport in Dammam, commonly used by international travelers. Tahsildar: A local government officer responsible for revenue and tax collection.

Arabic is the official language, but people also use English in their daily conversations.

Rights In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, labour laws regulate the relationship between employers and employees, ensuring that workers receive their entitled rights. It is essential for individuals to be informed about their rights to safeguard their well-being, safety, and fair treatment while residing in the host country. Here are key rights that individuals should be mindful of You have the right to keep the original of your personal documents, including passport, visa, and employment contract. ​ Your working hours are regulated, and you have the right to overtime compensation ​ You have the right to complain and seek protection if any of your rights are violated or if your employer has exploited you. If you think you have been cheated, wronged, or treated in a way that discriminates against you, you must seek assistance. ​ You have the right to refuse overtime work. ​ You have the right to rest time of at least 30 minutes after no more than five consecutive hours of work. ​ You have the right to working days off. If you have completed one year in service of the employer, you are entitled to an annual vacation of 21 days, with full wages payable in advance. After five years of service, the number of annual leave days increases up to 30 days. ​ You have the right to one day off each week. ​ You have the right to public holidays. ​ You have the right to take medical leave. ​ You have the right to receive your wages during a period of illness. ​ You have the right to be paid the following provisions outlined in the Saudi Labour Code. ​ You have the right to leave your workplace during your free time. ​ You have the right to be paid for work completed even if you are arrested, quit your job, or are fired. ​ The Saudi Labour Code does not permit workers to create unions, bargain collectively or strike. Anyone who tries to form a union can be dismissed, imprisoned, or, in the case of migrant workers, deported.

The Saudi Riyal (SAR) has been the official currency of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia since its inception. As of December 2023, the exchange rate is 1 SAR to INR 22.22.

It is mandatory for employers to provide their migrant workers with health insurance. Soon after arrival, to obtain the medical insurance, which is a prerequisite for issuing Iqama, a worker must undergo a medical test at approved medical centres.

Some of the responsibilities as a migrant worker in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia include: If you wish to take leave from your job (for personal reasons or vacation), make sure you inform your employer beforehand. Taking an extended leave without notifying your employer could be grounds for terminating your contract. If you are sick and cannot go to work, inform your employer as soon as possible and obtain a medical certificate. Many workers die from cardiac arrest due to simultaneous exposure to extreme heat and extreme cold. If you work outdoors, do not turn the air conditioner very high immediately after returning to your room. Take precautions to avoid contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Respect your host country's culture, food customs, and dress code. Show respect towards women and never tease them, ogle, or stare at them. Never participate in drug selling, drug abuse, or any other criminal activity; never physically abuse anyone (including a friend or girlfriend/boyfriend) or bully someone on the basis of ethnic, cultural, physical, religious, or sectarian differences. Make an effort to learn the basic norms and laws of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, including traffic rules. Always use the zebra crossing or the overhead bridge to cross a road. Abide by the rules and regulations of your workplace. The regulations are typically displayed in a visible area in the workplace. Check the expiry dates of your documents, including your passport, residence permit, and ID card. To renew your passport, go to the Indian Embassy; for other documents, inform your employer well in advance of their expiration date. If you experience problems at work, talk to your family, a friend, your employer, the Embassy or Consulate of the Kingdom of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the recruitment agent, or the Protector Office of India. The telephone numbers of the Embassy or Consulate and the Protector Offices are provided towards the end of the kit.

Respecting Religious Practices Islam is the official religion in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, influencing daily life. Migrant workers are urged to respect local customs. Modest Clothing Modest clothing is deemed respectful for both men and women in public spaces. Women are generally expected to wear an abaya, a loose-fitting black robe, while men should opt for conservative attire, avoiding shorts or sleeveless shirts. Gender Segregation Public spaces are segregated by gender and it's important for unrelated individuals of the opposite sex to maintain a respectful distance. Exploring the Holy Cities Makkah and Madinah, the two holiest cities in Islam, hold significant spiritual importance and are open exclusively to Muslim pilgrims.

Riyadh is the capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.












a) Working hours are 8 hours daily and 48 hours per week. During the month of Ramadan, the working hours are reduced to six hours a day and 36 hours a week, for Muslim workers. b) Overtime rates are 150% of the hourly wage. c) Friday is the weekly rest day which may be replaced with any other day of the week. d) The rest period of 30 minutes during workday is provided and the worker shall not be made to work for more than 5 hours continuously. In no case total working hours should 12 hours per day.

The time in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is 2 hours and 30 minutes behind that of India.

Comparing Costs and Benefits Moving to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for work brings various opportunities beyond the initial expenses. It's essential to evaluate economic, social, and health factors, alongside highlighting the positive aspects that make it an attractive destination for employment. a) Economic Benefits ​ Job Opportunities Jobs in sectors such as oil and gas, healthcare, and technology offer a good compensation for skilled professionals, ensuring financial stability and growth potential. Whether you are an experienced professional or a recent graduate, the economy presents many opportunities to pursue your aspirations and achieve financial success. Professional Development Being exposed to the latest technologies and global work standards can enhance your ability to develop valuable skills that will be useful throughout your career. b) Social Benefits Cultural Enrichment The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia provides migrant workers with a chance to experience a rich and unique cultural environment. Global Networking Living in a diverse setting allows one to build connections with people from different nations and backgrounds, opening doors to personal and professional opportunities. Quality of Life The country offers modern infrastructure, amenities, and a vibrant social life for a comfortable and high-quality living experience. Health and Well-being The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia prioritizes residents' health, providing modern healthcare and comprehensive plans for migrant workers to enjoy a healthy lifestyle. Community Support The migrant community in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is varied and supportive, creating a sense of belonging and unity. Financial Considerations If you are planning to work in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for promising work opportunities, it's crucial to carefully consider the financial aspects of this transformative move. Making smart choices will help you set yourself up for financial success in your new home. a) Cost of Living Before making the big move, check the living costs, including rent, food, travel, and entertainment. Understanding local expenses can help you plan a realistic budget for financial management. b) Debt Management Make sure you have a strategic plan to repay any debts you have. This prevents debt from affecting your goals. c) Money Management Developing sound money management practices is crucial for achieving financial stability. This includes: Budgeting: Create a monthly budget to plan your expenses and ensure you stick to it. Saving: Prioritize saving regularly for future expenses. Investing: Consider investing your savings to grow your wealth over time. d) Building an Emergency Fund Create a fund to cover unexpected costs during your stay in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Aim to save up three months' worth of living expenses for a reliable financial safety net.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has diverse landscapes, ranging from dry deserts to green highlands, each with its own climate. Summers are hot and dry, reaching up to 45°C inland, perfect for exciting desert adventures. Winters bring relief, with temperatures dropping to 8°C to 20°C inland and 19°C to 29°C along the coast. The Asir highlands offer a lush escape with moderate temperatures and monsoon-influenced rainfall. The Red Sea coast provides a refreshing retreat, with milder temperatures and higher humidity, especially in Jeddah.

Saudi Arabian cuisine boasts a diverse range of food options, catering to various preferences: Vegetarian: Falafel, hummus, baba ghanoush, mujaddara, etc. Vegan: Muhammara, shakshuka, stuffed grape leaves, mahshi, etc. Meat: Kabsa, mandi, harees, etc.

 The food offers a rich blend of flavours and textures rooted in the country's cultural heritage.

To open a bank account in Israel, you'll need several essential documents. These include a valid passport, a valid visa or work permit and proof of address in Israel, which can be demonstrated through a rental agreement or utility bill. You may also need to provide your tax identification number if applicable, along with proof of employment, such as an employment contract or a letter from your employer.

Migrant workers have a number of rights, including: · The right to work without discrimination · The right to fair wages and working conditions · The right to join a trade union · The right to social security · The right to healthcare

Working conditions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia vary by industry and employer, but generally, they are safe and comfortable. Migrant workers have the same rights as Saudi citizens, including a 48-hour workweek, overtime pay, and paid holidays.

If you are planning to work in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, there are a few things you can do to prepare: · Learn about the laws and regulations that apply to migrant workers. · Prepare a document checklist. · Get a medical check-up and make sure that you are up to date on your vaccinations. · Pack clothes and shoes appropriate for the climate of the upcoming months in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Migrant workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia usually reside in well-maintained company-provided housing that is clean, safe, and comfortable.

Israel is not prone to frequent natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes or tsunamis. However, it does experience some natural disturbances that could be considered minor compared to more disaster-prone regions.

Migrant workers from India in Israel encounter a variety of challenges, underscoring the need for comprehensive support solutions. 1) Cultural and Language Barrier Adapting to a new language and culture can pose difficulties, impacting effective communication and integration into the community. Asking for prior language and cultural training can facilitate smoother transitions and foster inclusivity. 2) Isolation and Loneliness Working in a foreign country can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness, especially when separated from family and familiar support networks. Leveraging opportunities for social interaction and community involvement can mitigate these feelings and promote mental well-being. 3) Physical and Emotional Strain The demands of the job, especially in physically demanding roles, can take a toll on migrant workers' physical and emotional well-being. Availing access to healthcare services and mental health support can help alleviate these strains and promote overall wellness. 4) Job Insecurity Migrant workers often face uncertainty regarding their employment status and legal rights, which can contribute to stress and anxiety. Having clear and fair employment contracts and staying informed about labour laws can provide greater stability and security. 5) Navigating Regulations Understanding and complying with immigration and employment regulations can be challenging for migrant workers. Seek guidance and support services to navigate these regulations.

The Indian community in Israel, numbering around 85,000 individuals, constitutes one of the largest expatriate groups in the country. Spanning cities such as Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, Haifa and Be'er Sheva, this community enjoys a significant presence across Israel. Support infrastructure for the Indian community in Israel include: Embassy of India in Israel Indian Cultural and Community Centres Indian Jewish Associations Indian Women's Groups Community Organisations Student Associations Employment and Professional Networks Social Media Groups Religious and Spiritual Organisations These establishments play a crucial role in facilitating the seamless integration of Indian migrants into Israeli society while upholding their cultural heritage.

Understanding Israel's visa procedures is critical, as non-compliance may lead to detention and deportation, posing significant challenges to your professional endeavours. Visa Overview: Israeli law allows temporary work, but overstaying may lead to detention and deportation. Visa Issuance: Work visas (B/1) are obtained through Israeli Consulates or PIBA, lasting one year. Extension Procedures: Extensions are possible but limited, especially after 63 months. Certain workers may have shorter periods. Deportation/Non-Extension: Violating laws, falsifying details or intent to leave can lead to deportation or non-extension. Return After Travel: Obtain an "inter-visa" for re-entry after a trip abroad, costing 175 ILS. Additional Stay Periods: Grace periods vary based on sector - 60 days for agriculture/chefs, 30 days for construction/hotel workers and 90 days for caregivers. Key Reminders: Stay cautious of promises of extended employment or counterfeit visas/passports. To find licensed Placement Agencies and Manpower Companies, visit the PIBA website for listings and contact information.

Having proper health insurance is crucial for your well-being in Israel. Without it, medical expenses can be overwhelming. Employer Responsibility: Employers must provide private medical insurance for foreign workers throughout the employment period. This ensures that workers have access to necessary healthcare services and are protected against medical expenses. Coverage Limitations: Workers should be aware that pre-existing conditions are usually excluded from coverage. It is also essential to note that medical treatments lasting more than 90 days may not be covered. Understand the limitations of their health insurance coverage is crucial. Appealing Decisions: If your insurance denies coverage for certain conditions or treatments, you can appeal. This ensures that workers have recourse if their health insurance coverage is denied unjustly.

If for any reason you or your employer want to end work relations, here are the essential details you need to know: Prior Notice - General: If you're a foreign worker employed on a monthly basis and you intend to leave your job, you must provide prior written notice to your employer based on your employment duration. Employer's Dismissal Notice: If an employer wishes to dismiss you, they must also provide prior notice according to the specified durations.

The Public Holidays in Israel are as follows: Rosh Hashanah: Jewish New Year (two-day holiday), usually in September or October. Yom Kippur: Day of Atonement, usually 10 days after Rosh Hashanah. Sukkot: Feast of Tabernacles (seven-day holiday), starting five days after Yom Kippur. Simchat Torah: Celebration of the completion of the Torah reading cycle, immediately following Sukkot. Hanukkah: Festival of Lights, typically in December. Purim: Celebration of the salvation of the Jewish people from Haman, usually in February or March. Passover (Pesach): Commemoration of the Exodus from Egypt (seven or eight-day holiday), usually in March or April. Yom HaShoah: Holocaust Remembrance Day, usually in April. Yom HaZikaron: Memorial Day for fallen soldiers and victims of terrorism, usually in April or May. Yom Ha'atzmaut: Independence Day, immediately following Yom HaZikaron, usually in April or May. Shavuot: Feast of Weeks, celebrating the giving of the Torah (one or two-day holiday), usually in May or June. Tisha B'Av: Commemorating the destruction of the First and Second Temples, usually in July or August. Rosh Chodesh: The first day of each Jewish month is often considered a minor holiday. Islamic Holidays: Dates for Islamic holidays, such as Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, vary each year based on the Islamic calendar and may be observed by the Arab Muslim community in Israel. Christian Holidays: Dates for Christian holidays like Christmas and Easter also vary each year and are observed by the Christian communities in Israel.

The most common languages spoken in Israel are Hebrew and Arabic. Hebrew is the primary language, used in government, education and daily life, while Arabic is also widely spoken, particularly by the Arab population. English, on the other hand, is the most commonly used foreign language.

Understanding the nuances of the foreign worker deposit system in Israel is paramount for both employers and employees to ensure transparency and financial security. Purpose and Scope: Employers of foreign workers in certain sectors are obligated to deposit funds into a PIBA-held account for each worker. Monthly Deposits: Employers calculate monthly deposit amounts based on Collective Agreements, Extension Orders or Contracts. The minimum deposit is 12.5% of the worker's regular monthly salary for full-time work. Deposit Not Deductible: The employer's deposit is separate from the employee's salary and cannot be deducted from it. Withdrawal Conditions: Upon legally and permanently leaving Israel, foreign workers can withdraw the deposited amount, including interest accrued. Illegal Overstay Deductions: If the worker overstays their legal period in Israel, deductions are applied to the deposit. Monitoring Deposits: Workers can access monthly deposits and fund balances through PIBA's online service.

Kosher dietary laws are followed by Jewish individuals and involve specific guidelines like separating meat and dairy, using kosher-certified ingredients and adhering to particular methods of slaughter and preparation. Certain communities also avoid foods like pork and shellfish. When in Israel, respecting kosher dietary observance means consuming food that meets these guidelines, especially in areas with large Jewish populations.

Here's a concise overview of the mandatory conditions for individuals aspiring to pursue employment opportunities in the country: Age Range: 25-45 Years Physical Requirements: Minimum height of 1.5 Meters, Weight above 45 kg Qualifications: Certified Caregivers with 990 hours of training or Diploma with Indian Authority-issued Certificate Language Skills: Proficient in Intermediate Level English Education: High School Diploma Experience: No Previous Employment in Israel Clean Record: Clear Police Report from India and No Substance Abuse History Family Relations: No Immediate Family in Israel Health Standards: Physically and Mentally Fit with No Chronic Diseases Citizenship: Indian Citizenship COVID-19 Compliance: Agreement to Fulfil Israeli Ministry of Health Obligations Additional Requirements: As Specified by PIBA and MSDE

Understanding the permissible work sectors and the regulatory framework governing them is essential for individuals seeking employment in Israel under the B/1 visa category. Authorization: Detailed in B/1 visa, including caregiving, agriculture, hotel housekeeping, construction and specialized expertise like ethnic cuisine. Sector Restriction: No switching sectors after arrival. Caution: Avoid recruiters promising job switches as it can lead to deportation and legal actions.

You have a right to proper housing. Your employer must ensure your housing meets specific standards from the start of your employment until 7 days after it concludes. Housing Criteria: Your housing must meet specific guidelines to ensure your comfort and well-being. These guidelines cover various aspects such as space, amenities and safety measures. Essential Facilities: Your housing should include necessary facilities such as sinks, kitchen counters and appropriate heating. Caregiver Housing: If you're in the caregiving sector, suitable housing will be provided within the residence of the person you're caring for.

The flag of Israel features two horizontal blue stripes with a blue Star of David in the centre. It symbolises Jewish identity and heritage, representing resilience, unity and commitment to values.

The cities of Israel, including its capital, Jerusalem, alongside Tel Aviv, Haifa, Beersheba, Nazareth, Eilat and Netanya, showcase a diverse urban landscape.

Israeli cuisine is a diverse and vibrant fusion of flavours influenced by various cultures, including Middle Eastern, Mediterranean, North African and European traditions. Some popular dishes that cater to various preferences are: Vegetarian: Tabbouleh, sabich and stuffed grape leaves. Vegan: Falafel, hummus, baba ganoush and Israeli salad. Meat: Shawarma, kebabs, schnitzel, grilled lamb or beef skewers and sabich.

Navigating the intricacies of severance pay, known as "Pitzuyim" in Israel, is fundamental for workers to know. Eligibility Criteria: An employee who has worked for a single employer or at a specific workplace for at least one year is entitled to receive severance pay. Calculation: The amount of severance pay corresponds to one month's wage for each year of service with the same employer or at the same workplace. Special Circumstances: Workers may be entitled to severance pay in special circumstances such as employer bankruptcy or termination of employment due to death or liquidation of the employer. General Extension Order: All Israeli employers are subject to a binding general extension order concerning pensions.

Attire in Israel varies widely based on culture, religion and context. Casual wear for both men and women include jeans, t-shirts and comfortable shoes, while business attire leans towards suits. Different cultures and communities have distinct clothing traditions, with modest dressing being common in religious contexts.

Indian workers seeking jobs in Israel can connect with NSDC International and Indian Recruitment Agencies (IRAs) registered with it. IRAs function as intermediaries that facilitate job placements, travel arrangements and contract details in Israel. Responsibilities of IRAs Obtain necessary travel documents and arrange pre-departure courses and medical exams. Explain employment contract terms and conditions. Provide the original contract of employment. Ensure repatriation if medically unfit or if employment specifications aren't met. Identifying Licensed IRAs Verify authenticity through the Ministry of External Affairs website. Check for a valid registration certificate prominently displayed. Confirm office premises meet requirements with essential amenities. Complaints against IRAs Lodge complaints with the Protector General of Emigrants (PGE) or through the eMigrate website(www.emigrate.gov.in).

Familiarizing yourself with Israel's unemployment regulations is essential for those working there, as it can mitigate potential financial or mental hardships. Within 90 days from leaving your previous employment, you have the opportunity to find and register for new employment with a licensed employer in the sector mentioned on your B/1 visa. Failing to register as a legally employed worker within these 90 days requires you to leave Israel. If this isn't followed, you might face detention and possible deportation.

The Embassy of India in Israel, located in Tel Aviv, offers consular and diplomatic services to Indian citizens and the Indian community. First and foremost, getting yourself registered with the consulate is a must. They are the ones responsible for shelter, legal assistance, repatriation, etc. They offer support services including visa & passport assistance, birth and death registration, Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) application among others. For assistance, Indians can visit the Embassy website (https://www.indembassyisrael.gov.in/) or register on the MADAD portal (https://portal2.madad.gov.in/) for grievance redressal on issues like compensation, imprisonment and repatriation. Embassy Address: Embassy of India, HaYarkon St 140, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel - 63451

Israel's climate varies from Mediterranean along the coast to desert-like conditions inland. Summers are hot, especially in the Jordan Valley and Eilat, while winters are mild with some areas experiencing snow, like Jerusalem. Rainfall mainly occurs from November to March, with temperatures ranging from 5-40°C (41-104°F) across the country.

To know your registered status with PIBA, follow these steps: Visit the PIBA website: Go to the PIBA website and locate "Online information for foreign workers and their employers." Access the online portal: Click the "get info" button on the page and choose the "foreign workers" option. Complete the form: Fill out the "Information – foreign workers" form that appears on the screen. View your information: Click on "view information" to access your registered status with PIBA. For foreign caregivers in the caregiving sector, specific rules are in place to safeguard the well-being of elderly and disabled employers.

Discovering Israel is made easy with its robust public transportation system, linking major cities and urban areas seamlessly. From buses and trains to light rail systems, getting around is convenient and accessible. Real-time apps also ensure smooth travels, with updates on routes and schedules. Moovit: Real-time schedules and routes for buses, trains and light rails. Google Maps: Navigation and public transportation info across Israel. Waze: Real-time traffic updates for urban driving. Rav-Kav: Manage your travel card and plan bus/train journeys. Gett: Book taxis and private car rides. Coca-Cola Tel-Aviv Bikes: Rent bikes for city exploration. Egged Buses: Check schedules and routes for buses. Israel Railways: Info on train schedules and stations. Jerusalem Light Rail App: Real-time updates for the light rail system.

In Israel, specific regulations govern the employment of foreign workers to protect both employees and employers. These regulations ensure that foreign workers are employed legally and enjoy certain rights and protections during their time there. Employer Permits: Only employers possessing valid employment permits from the Population and Immigration Authority (PIBA) are permitted to hire foreign workers. These permits are essential to regulate the employment of foreign workers and prevent unauthorized practices. Indian Workers: Indian workers with valid B/1 visas and permits issued by PIBA for their relevant sector can be employed by licensed employers. These permits serve as proof of authorization to work in Israel and ensure legal employment conditions. Employment Registration: Licensed Indian employers must complete the registration of your employment following PIBA procedures specific to your sector before your work begins. Registration ensures compliance with regulatory requirements and authorizes your work in Israel. Full-time Employment: You are eligible for full-time employment only with your legal employer. Engaging in part-time work as an Indian worker is not permitted, preventing exploitation and ensuring stable employment conditions. Work Restrictions: You are permitted to work solely for your currently registered and licensed employer. Under no circumstances should you engage in work for any other employer, even during breaks, holidays, rest days or beyond regular working hours. Consequences of Violation: Violation of this rule may lead to deportation if you are found working for an employer other than your registered one. Employers who unlawfully employ foreign workers might face fines or criminal charges as per the law.

When visiting Israel, demonstrating cultural sensitivity is vital. Show respect for religious sites by dressing modestly and adhering to any guidelines. Be considerate during the Jewish Sabbath by refraining from activities that could disrupt religious observances. Practice discretion in more conservative neighbourhoods and adhere to kosher dietary observances by being aware of kosher food options. Request permission before taking photos of people, especially in sensitive contexts. Engage in conversations with cultural and religious sensitivity, avoiding contentious topics. Keep in mind that tipping, language courtesy and respect for business hours contribute to a positive experience. By embracing local customs, you can ensure a harmonious and respectful stay in Israel.

Your employer is responsible for opening a file in your name at the National Insurance Institute. National Insurance Institute: It offers coverage for work injuries, maternity, unpaid wages and severance pay in cases of employer bankruptcy. Work Injury Coverage: If you're injured at work, file a claim with the National Insurance Institute for medical treatment and compensation.

Indian Standard Time typically precedes Israel Standard Time by 3.5 to 4.5 hours, with Israel observing Daylight Saving Time potentially reducing the difference to 2.5 to 3.5 hours.

The currency of Israel is the New Israeli Shekel (ILS). As of April 2024, 1 New Israeli Shekel is equivalent to 22.22 Indian Rupees (INR).

Israel's cordial relationship with India provides a fertile ground for skilled Indian workers to flourish. With collaborative efforts in technology, agriculture and defense, Israel's innovative ecosystem offers ample opportunities for professional growth. The synergy between the two nations, bolstered by shared values and cultural affinities, fosters an ideal environment for Indian professionals to integrate and thrive, making Israel a preferred destination for career advancement and cross-cultural exchanges.

The distance between India and Israel is approximately 4,500 to 5,500 kilometres, with flight durations ranging from 6 to 8 hours, depending on the specific cities and airline routes.

The Government of India, through various initiatives under the Ministry of External Affairs, offers comprehensive support to individuals planning to work abroad. These initiatives collectively reflect the government's commitment to safeguarding the interests and well-being of its citizens working overseas. e-Migrate: The e-Migrate website assists individuals planning to work in Israel by capturing emigrant data online, verifying employer credentials, generating employment contracts and providing emigrant insurance through Parvasi Bhartiya Bima Yojana. Pravasi Bharatiya Sahayta Kendra (PBSK): PBSK serves as a facilitation centre for those seeking employment abroad, offering complaint registration and information services. It includes Kshetriya Pravasi Sahayata Kendra (KPSKs) for face-to-face assistance and operates a 24x7 helpline. Protector General of Emigrants (PGE): PGE, under the Ministry of External Affairs, safeguards Indian workers going abroad, granting emigration clearance, inspecting emigrant conveyances and addressing emigrant grievances, including post-return assistance. Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PKVY): PKVY is a skill development initiative offering industry-relevant training in sectors like domestic work, retail, tourism, healthcare and security, with 16 Integrated Skill Development Centres (IISCs) nationwide. Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY): PBBY provides insurance coverage for emigrants before applying for emigration clearance, offering benefits such as accidental death coverage, repatriation facilities, medical cover and maternity expenses. Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF): ICWF offers support to overseas Indian workers, including boarding, medical care, legal assistance, air passage and assistance with fines or penalties. It also aids in transporting mortal remains to India or arranging local cremation/burial.

Peace/ Hello/ Goodbye - SHALOM Nice to meet you - NA–EEM MEOD Good morning - BOKER TOV Response to good morning - BOKER OR Good evening - EREV TOV Good night - LAILA TOV Congratulations! - MAZAL TOV Good - TOV Very good - TOV MEOD, YOFFEE, EYZEH YOFFEE How are things? - MA NEESHMA? Ok, fine - BE’SEDER Please, you're welcome - BEVAKASHA Thank you - TODAH My pleasure - A’LO DAVAR Wait a moment - ROCK REYGA See you again/later - LEHITRA’OT Happy birthday - YOM HOOLEDET SAMEACH

To open a bank account in Israel, you'll need several essential documents. These include a valid passport, a valid visa or work permit and proof of address in Israel, which can be demonstrated through a rental agreement or utility bill. You may also need to provide your tax identification number if applicable, along with proof of employment, such as an employment contract or a letter from your employer.

Migrant workers in Israel often find employment opportunities in sectors such as caregiving, agriculture, hotel housekeeping, construction and specialized expertise like ethnic cuisine. It's essential to understand the regulatory framework governing these sectors before seeking employment.

Managing financial matters while working in Israel involves various considerations. Migrant workers can explore options for remittances through reputable international money transfer services or banks. It is also advisable to monitor exchange rates and consider factors such as fees and exchange policies when converting currency.

To comply with visa regulations in Israel, it's crucial to obtain a valid work visa (B/1) through Israeli Consulates or PIBA. Ensure that your employment is registered with PIBA and adhere to the specified terms and conditions of your visa, including sector restrictions and extension procedures. Violation of visa regulations can lead to detention and deportation.

Migrant workers in Israel are typically subject to taxation on their income, similar to Israeli citizens and residents. It's essential to understand tax obligations, including income tax rates, deductions and filing deadlines. Seeking guidance from tax professionals or employers can help ensure compliance with Israeli tax laws.

To open a bank account, choose a bank, gather required documents like your passport and visa, visit the bank to fill out an application form, undergo document verification, choose an account type, receive account details, activate your account and deposit funds to start using it.

Qatar offers a plethora of transportation options. Public Transportation The public transportation in Qatar includes Doha Metro, Lusail Tram & Mowasalat Bus Service. Qatar Rail . Doha Metro: The Doha Metro, located in the capital city, consists of three lines (red, green, and gold) and connects various city parts. · Lusail Tram: Situated just north of Doha, the Lusail Tram network links destinations within Lusail to Doha via the Doha Metro. · Tickets and Passes: Options include single journey tickets, daily passes, or travel cards, purchasable from vending machines at stations. · Feeder Service: To enhance Qatar Rail customer connectivity: o Metrolink: A free feeder bus service within a 2-to-5-km radius of Doha Metro stations, requiring a QR Code for access, available on the Karwa Journey Planner App. o Metroexpress: An on-demand ride-sharing service offering flexibility with a fleet of 7-seater vans, accessible via the Karwa Taxi App from ten metro and seven Lusail tram stations. Bus Services Mowasalat, Qatar's public transport operator, manages the bus service across Doha and its suburbs, linking major city areas and beyond. Detailed bus routes are accessible on the Mowasalat website or via this link: https://www.mowasalat.com/English/Our-Services/Bus-Routes. To use the Karwa public buses, passengers need a Karwa Smart Card, available from vending machines at key locations like Hamad International Airport, Doha Bus Station, The Pearl Qatar, and Qatar Mall, as well as from select retail partners. The cards come in three varieties: . Classic Card (Cost: INR.685): A rechargeable option for frequent travellers. · Limited Card, 24hr (Cost: INR.230): Valid for two trips within 24 hours of activation. · Unlimited Card, 24hr (Cost: INR.450): Offers unlimited travel within 24 hours of purchase. Personal Transportation Taxis · Karwa Taxis: Official taxis in Qatar, available in Doha and other cities, offering metered and pre-booked services with regulated fares. · Ride-Hailing Services: Apps like Uber and Careem provide an alternative to traditional taxis, allowing users to book rides with upfront fare calculation. Personal Vehicles In Qatar, a significant number of residents favour personal vehicles due to the well-developed road infrastructure, featuring modern highways and roads. Yet, traffic congestion during rush hours is a frequent challenge.

India is 2 hours and 30 minutes ahead of Qatar. 1:00PM in QATAR would be 3:30 PM in India (IST).

The State of Qatar is keen on employing human resources that support its development journey and contribute to flourishing its diversified economy. The Ministry of Labour is the official authority for employment resources in Qatar. Embarking on a career in Qatar as an expatriate presents a wealth of opportunities, particularly in fields like construction, engineering, oil and gas, finance, healthcare, and education. However, there are a few factors to consider before making the big move.

Qatar offers a world of opportunities for people looking to work in the country. You will need to following to apply for a job in Qatar. a. A valid passport (You can apply for a passport online or at a Passport Seva Kendra (PSK)) b. Certificate of academic and professional qualifications c. Proof of prior qualifications d. English language proficiency e. Approved contract of employment f. Health certificate g. Work and residence permit

Qatar observes its National Day each year on December 18, commemorating Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani's succession to his father in 1878.

There are three main types of costs of migration involved in working in Qatar: Economic, Social and Health. I. The Economic cost of migration Migrating to Qatar for work requires financial support for visas, passports, clearance, and recruitment agency fees, with additional costs for rural individuals using urban agencies. Document needs vary by job requirements. Also, Indian ECR-category workers have to use the e-Migrate system for GCC countries . Caution against fraud is advised; recruitment fees are legally capped at Rs 20,000, with higher charges reportable on e-Migrate or MADAD portals. However, a point to note is; expenses other than the recruitment fee are supposed to be paid by the employer, or the agency has to collect them from the employer later. These expenses include: 1. Cost of medical examination for visa 2. Cost of medical examination prescribed by employer 3. Visa fees 4. Air fare from India to the destination country 5. Initial hotel stay at the destination country 6. Any other cost associated with overseas employment So, exercise caution and weigh your options carefully before giving your recruiting agent any money. II. The Social Cost of Migration Let’s look at some of the social costs of migration. • Elderly: Migration can boost elderly financial support through increased remittances, but often leads to loneliness and unmet care needs due to the absence of their children. • Spouse: Migration often leads to distance between spouses which may result in familial and psychological challenges . III. Health Cost of Migration Moving to another country for work, may result in some health issues due to lack of knowledge or change in environment. Let’s get into the details. Migrants may face health issues such as stomach problems, headaches, muscle pains, injuries, and lung diseases due to dietary changes, long work hours, unsafe conditions, and exposure to toxins. Obtaining a medical certificate before departure is crucial to ensure employers cover any work-related medical expenses. Apart from physical problems, migrants face some biases like: 1. Local workers or residents may discriminate against migrants on the basis of race or nationality. 2. Employers may favour local workers and may treat migrants poorly and pay them less. 3. Women migrants also face discrimination based on their gender. 4. Many migrant workers fall into the low-skilled or semi-skilled category and are often accorded a low social status based on the work they do. Because of this, migrant workers may face the following psychological problems. a. Depression: Could be due to poor living and working conditions. b. Psychosis: The ability to think, talk and communicate effectively may be affected. c. Homesickness: The feeling of missing your home so much that all you think about is being back home. It’s quite common for migrants miss the comfort of their home and community. Here are a few ways to tackle homesickness. 1. Try to focus on the new things you get to experience. 2. Keep in touch with your family and friends. 3. Ensure you eat properly and stay healthy. 4. Try to find a hobby outside work. 5. Talk to people you work with in the new country, and try to make some friends. 6. Take one or two things that will remind you of your home when you leave to go to another country. IV. Health and Safety Your employer, whether a company or an individual, is not permitted to subject you to hazardous working conditions, including: a. Small spaces with not enough air or light b. With unsafe machines c. Places with toxic chemicals, gases and other substances that harm you. d. Places that are extremely hot or cold, enough to seriously hurt you. e. Workplaces without equipment like hard hats for construction work. You must receive proper training before being subjected to any physical work that may cause physical harm. Moreover, if a workplace possesses threat to your wellbeing, you may refuse to return to work unless the situation is fixed.

Before moving abroad, it’s important to get insured. Here are a few options to explore. 1. Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY) Before seeking Emigration clearance on eMigrate, applicants must take the Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY) insurance, available for Rs. 275 or Rs. 375. Benefits of PBBY Air Fare for Attendant: Economy class return air fare up to the nearest international airport in India. Repatriation expenses: Actual one-way economy class air fare up to the nearest international airport in India. Medical cover: Medical cover in case of hospitalization of the Insured worker-up to Rs. 100000 (Rs. 50000 per hospitalization in each case with maximum up to two). Hospitalization cover: Hospitalization cover to family in event of death or permanent disability of insured person-Up to Rs. 50000. Maternity Expenses: Rs. 35000 in case of normal delivery and Rs. 50000 in case of Caesarean operation. Legal Expenses: Rs. 45000/- Rs. 10 Lakhs in case of accidental death and permanent disability. Repatriation facilities in case of death: Cost of transportation of the mortal remains to India. 2. Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF) The Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF), established in 2009, provides critical support to Overseas Indians in emergencies and is available at all Indian Missions and Posts abroad. ICWF can assist you in situations like: Boarding and lodging for deserving distressed Indian nationals abroad on a means tested basis in budget category or shelters run by Mission/Post or NGOs empanelled with Mission. Air passage to India to stranded Overseas Indian nationals Legal Assistance on a means tested basis to deserving overseas Indian nationals who have committed minor crimes, offences or have been falsely implicated by their employer and put in jails; fishermen/seamen/sailors/Indian students in distress; Legal/financial assistance to Indian women abandoned/ cheated / abused by their NRI/PIO or foreign spouses (up to seven years after their marriage). Payment for small fines and penalties in respect of Indian nationals for minor offences/crimes; for illegal stay in the host country where prima facie the worker is not at fault, and to enable release of Indian nationals from jail/detention center Transportation of Mortal Remains and expenditure on incidentals of deceased Indian national to India or local cremation/burial of deceased in such cases where the employer, sponsor or insurance company is unable or unwilling to do so as per the contract and the family is unable to meet the cost. Emergency Medical Care on assessed needs of the migrants to overseas Indians who are involved in an accident (with serious life-threatening injuries) have life-threatening medical conditions or suffer a serious disability.

As per the May 2022 census report, the total population of Qatar was 2.8 million.

The Qatari Riyal (QAR) is the currency of Qatar. The exchange parity has been set at the fixed rate of QAR 1 = 22.90 INR.

According to Qatar's Constitution, Islam is the state's official religion, with Sharia (Islamic Law) being the foundation of its legal system. The religious composition in Qatar is predominantly Muslim at 65.2%, followed by Hindu (15.9%), Christian (13.7%), and Buddhist (3.8%). Other religions, including folk, Jewish, and various unspecified beliefs , each constitute less than 1% of the population as of 2020 estimates.

The Indian community, making up 25% or about 835,000 of Qatar's population, is among the largest expat groups there, encompassing professionals, labourers, and businesspeople. They work across sectors like construction, healthcare, and IT, and actively engage in cultural, religious, and community events through social groups and associations. Access to Indian schools, cultural centers, and places of worship supports their cultural and religious practices. Some Indian Organizations in Qatar are: 1. Bangiya Parishad Qatar (BPQ) 2. Bihar Johar Sanskritik Parishad (BJSP) 3. Kerala Muslim Cultural Centre (KMCC) 4. Kerala Social and Cultural Association (KSCA) 5. One India Association (OIA), Doha Qatar 6. Uttarakhand Association of Qatar Follow the link to see the list of Indian organizations in Qatar affiliated with the Embassy of India, Doha. https://www.iccqatar.com/affiliatedbodies

The Embassy of India in Doha supports the Indian community in Qatar, offering consular services, cultural events, and welfare programs. With over 800,000 Indians forming Qatar's largest expat group across various sectors, their contributions are highly valued. The embassy prioritizes their welfare, with a dedicated wing addressing and tracking grievances. Here are a few notable things. 1. Open House: Held on the last Thursday of each month, this event allows Indian nationals to present grievances directly to the Ambassador and embassy officers. 2. Consular Camps: Regularly organized in cities outside Doha, these camps serve the needs of Indian nationals residing in those areas. 3. Labour and Community Welfare Wing: This dedicated wing of the embassy systematically registers and follows up on grievances reported by the community. 4. Embassy closed on Friday & Saturday 5. Embassy working hours: 8.00 am - 4.30 pm. 6. Consular Section working hours: 8.00 am to 4.15 pm Address Embassy of India, Doha Villa No 86 & 90, Street No. 941, Al Eithra Street, Zone 63, Onaiza, P.O. Box 2788, Doha - Qatar Telephone Number (+974) 4425 5777

Qatar's economy, driven by major infrastructure projects, attracts many Indian expatriates, including skilled professionals and laborers, crucial to its development. Bilateral agreements, notably the 1985 Labour Manpower Agreement and the 2019 Recognition of Professional and Trade Qualifications, facilitate this exchange. A few things to note about Qatar’s economy include: 1. Qatar boasts a stable, competitive economy with above-average growth, underpinned by high per capita income, substantial hydrocarbon reserves, and robust economic fundamentals. 2. Despite COVID-19 challenges, Qatar's economy showed resilience and a positive trajectory, with early indicators pointing to vigorous economic activity and strong business conditions. 3. As the world's second-largest natural gas exporter, Qatar significantly contributes to global energy security and maintains strong trade connections globally through its diversified economy. 4. With prudent fiscal management, Qatar exhibits high fiscal flexibility and is projected to have the strongest fiscal balance in the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) countries . 5. The smooth workforce mobility ensures welfare for Indian workers in Qatar and simplifies qualification recognition for professionals seeking opportunities there.

Qatar's national anthem, As-Salam al-Amiri, was penned by poet Mubarak bin Saif Al Thani and established in December 1996.

Arabic is the official language of the country. However, English is widely spoken across the country and is regarded as its second language.

Companies or sponsors typically provide housing or a housing allowance for employees, allowing them to choose their preferred accommodation. Accommodation types include flats, serviced apartments, and villas, available both furnished and unfurnished. Rent varies by type and location, with high-end areas being Lusail City, The Pearl Island, and Msheireb Downtown Doha. The Pearl Island rent ranges from INR 137,400 - INR 206,100 per month. More economical options in areas like Al Duhail and Al Thumama, with studio rents between INR 34,350 - INR 57,250 found on OLX in Al Wakra and Al Khor, further from central Doha.

Friday and Saturday are weekend in Qatar. Apart from that, following are the official holidays in Qatar. a. Qatar National Day: December 18 (annually) b. National Sport Day on Tuesday of the second week of February (annually) c. The holy Eid Al-Fitr d. The holy Eid Al-Adha

Doha, as the capital, is the center of government, commercial, and financial activities. Over half of the population resides here. The city is also recognized as a significant cultural center, housing numerous museums and educational institutions. Apart from the capital, some other major cities include: Al Wakrah Al Khor Al Shamal Dukhan Msaieed Ras Laffan

Here a few reasons why people choose to move to Qatar. 1. A higher wage and currency exchange value for low to semi-skilled workers. 2. The Government of India has set Minimum Referral Wages (MRWS) and allowances for migrant workers leaving for the ECR countries (Emigration Check Required). These vary from job to job, sector to sector and country to country. 3. Higher earnings open the gate for future savings. 4. Interest earned on NRE accounts is tax-free. 5. Better skills, experience, and internationally-recognised certifications opens more opportunities. 6. Strict contractual obligations of the employer with regard to payment of wages.

Before departing, ensure your employer provides a signed contract containing all work details, accommodation, and benefits. The contract outlines the duties and responsibilities of both you, the worker, and your employer. Keep a copy with your family or a friend and retain one for yourself. Having your job offer letter or contract authenticated by an Indian Embassy and signed by the employer and an Embassy officer ensures a guaranteed minimum salary. Upon arrival in Qatar, you might be requested to sign the original contract. Prior to signing, carefully review and understand all mentioned terms, seeking assistance if needed from someone you trust. If presented with a second contract in Qatar, confirm that its contents and terms align with the initial contract from India. If uncertain, seek guidance from the Indian Embassy. An employment contract may be for a limited or unlimited period. A limited employment contract (fixed-term contract) is for a maximum period of five years, whereas the unlimited contract has a commencement date only. Most Indian workers have a contract for a limited term, usually two years, which can be extended. There is no such thing as a “free visa” in Qatar. Every visa is issued in the name of a sponsor, and you are supposed to work under that sponsor (an individual or company). Any violation will lead to severe legal proceedings, with a hefty fine, imprisonment and deportation. Your employer must provide you with accommodation that meets your basic needs. Most employers provide their workers with accommodation facilities for free. Check your contract or inquire with your employer to find out if you are entitled to free accommodation or if you need to pay for it. Most employers provide their workers with food for free or a food allowance. Check your contract or inquire with your employer to find out if you are entitled to food or if you need to pay for it. What should your employment contract include? Your employment contract should include the following details: 1. Your name, passport number, nationality, profession, qualification, residence. 2. Your employer's name, company address and/or location of your work. 3. Contract commencement date and the terms and conditions of the employment. 4. Duration of the contract and details of the initial probation period (not more than six months). 5. Your job responsibilities and working hours and overtime, if any. 6. Basic salary and allowances, including food and accommodation facilities. 7. How the overtime pay is calculated. 8. Information on medical coverage or insurance. 9. Duration of annual leave and entitled holiday or leave days (medical or maternity leave) and terms for airplane tickets. 10. End-of-service benefits. 11. Termination and renewal terms of the contract.

The direct flight distance or straight-line distance between New Delhi, India, and Doha, Qatar is approximately 2565 km, with a travel time of around 4 hours and 30 minutes.

Qatar's national flag features maroon and white colours. The white represents peace, while the maroon reflects the bloodshed in 19th-century wars. The nine-point serrated line signifies Qatar's status as the ninth member of the Reconciled Emirates in the Arabian Gulf, following the 1916 Qatari-British treaty. This layout was officially recorded by the British Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1931.

Qatar, a peninsula on the Arabian Peninsula's eastern coast, spans about 100km in width and stretches 200km into the Gulf. It encompasses several islands, including Halul, Shraouh, and Al-Asshat, and shares a southern border with Saudi Arabia, along with maritime boundaries with Bahrain, the UAE, and Iran.

You are entitled to respect and the protection of your human rights, irrespective of your legal status in a country. This section will inform you about your rights and responsibilities while working in Qatar, helping you to protect yourself from those seeking to take advantage of your position as a migrant worker. Migrant’s Rights in Qatar Migrants Rights in Qatar have seen an improvement, including changes to the kafala system and labour laws. The reforms aim to enhance working conditions, abolish exit permits, and set standards for accommodation. The following rights are extended to migrants in Qatar in order to safeguard their interests: 1. Abolition of Kafala System The Kafala system is a sponsorship system wherein the migrant worker is the complete responsibility of their employer (also known as the sponsor, or kafeel), both financially and legally. Your legal status to live and work in the country is fully dependent on your employer, and you cannot leave or enter the country without the employer's permission. The Kafala system was abolished in 2019. However, reforms are poorly enforced. 2. Document Protection You have the right to keep your essential documents (passport, visa, work permit) with you. Do not surrender original documents to your employer or recruitment agent. Your employer should provide you with a residence permit. 3. Minimum Wage & facilities In March 2021, Qatar introduced a minimum wage of QAR 1,000, which applies to all employees across all sectors in Qatar, including domestic workers. The employer must additionally provide QAR 500 per month for accommodation and QAR 300 per month for food unless provided by their employer. You're entitled to the stipulated pay and accommodation facilities as per the employment contract. Monthly wages should be in local currency (riyal) and deposited in your bank account. Payment for completed work is non-negotiable even in case of arrest, resignation, or dismissal. 4. Leave, Health Benefits & Public Holidays After a year of continuous service, you're entitled to annual leave. Payment is due for the days of leave not taken. Medical leave can be taken with a doctor's certificate. Notify your employer promptly and access health benefits through your health card. You are entitled to full pay during official holidays 5. Rights of Movement and Rest You are free to explore the city in your free time, but always carry your ID card. You have the right to one day off each week, typically on Friday , with additional compensation if you agree to work. 6. Working Hours Rest time of at least one hour within five hours of starting work. Refusal of overtime is permissible with specific regulations for extra pay. Shift workers have different rules, and during Ramadan, working hours are reduced. 7. Salary Deductions Your employer cannot make deductions from your wages except in the following cases: If you have taken an advance (deduction at any one time should not be more than 10% of your salary). If you violate the rules and regulations of the workplace (a fine for single offence should not exceed five days' salary in a month); or If you cause loss, damage or destruction of tools or machinery due to your fault (such deduction must not be more than five days' salary each month). Your employer cannot reduce your salary for the entire contract duration. Your employer cannot make any other deductions from your salary, including for medical insurance fees, insurance premiums, work permit costs, etc. 8. Wage Protection System The Government of Qatar introduced the Wage Protection System (WPS) in 2015. More than 1.3 million workers are registered in the system, substantially strengthening the protection of wages in the country. The WPS has also significantly increased the Government’s ability to intervene in the long-standing issue of wage disputes, in the interest of workers and employers, and resolve matters in a more transparent and fair manner. To protect workers from manipulation of their financial entitlements. To enable Ministry of Administrative Development, Labour and Social Affairs (ADLSA) to continuously review and compare the data of employees with the data in its possession to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Labour Law. To minimize legal disputes between parties with regard to payment of wages, while increasing efficiency in dealing with such disputes. To assist the judiciary in issuing judgments and settling disputes concerning employees’ entitlements. To promote the principle of human rights in the State of Qatar. To enhance security and stability by creating a safe working environment (as the system spares workers and employers the need to keep cash at the workplace, it precludes an obvious risk of loss or theft) 9. No-Objection Certificates Employees will no longer require No-Objection Certificates to terminate their contracts. Employees have the ability to pursue new opportunities in Qatar. Employees will be able to terminate their contract providing at least one month’s written notice if they have worked with the employer for two years or less, or two months’ notice if they have worked with the employer for over two years. Employees can be placed on probation for a period agreed upon with their employer, as long as the period of probation is no more than six months from the date their work commenced. In the case that employees had access to sensitive information, the employer can stipulate that the employee cannot compete with them on any projects or work within a year of ending the contract. 10. The Cancelling of Exit Permissions The law now allows almost all migrant workers in Qatar – including domestic workers – to leave the country without first obtaining permission from their employers, except for military personnel. In order to protect the rights of both employers and domestic workers, domestic workers must notify employers at least 72 hours prior to their departure. The decision also stipulates that the employer has the right to submit a prior reasoned request to the Ministry of Interior including the names of those whom they deem necessary to obtain prior approval before leaving the country due to the nature of their work, provided that it does not exceed 5% of employees. 11. Health & safety The State of Qatar has mandated private health insurance for all expatriates in the public and private sectors. Employers and sponsors must enrol their non-Qatari employees and their family members onto the mandatory health insurance scheme through contracts with insurance companies registered with Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and provide basic health services. Health insurance is a necessary condition for the granting or renewal of residence permits and employment of expatriates. 12. Heat Stress Protection Workers must have access to heat stress training, access to personal protection equipment, and annual health checks. From 1 June to 15 September, you should not work in outdoor workplaces between 10 am and 3:30 pm. Outdoor workplaces are those in which workers are exposed to extreme weather conditions: the heat, humidity and the sun. All work must stop if the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) rises beyond 32.1, taking into consideration more than ambient temperature. 13. Joint Committees The conditions and procedures for the election of worker representatives in Joint Committees have been regulated. Workers in companies with 30 or more employees can elect their own representatives. Joint Committees bring together representatives of management and facility workers into regular communication over workplace issues. This includes topics such as the organization of work, ways to increase production and development, workers’ training programmes, risk prevention tools, and ways to improve the level of adherence to occupational safety and health rules. 14. Workers’ Support and Insurance Fund The fund protects workers from the impact of overdue or unpaid wages in instances where the employer has gone out of business or been forced to close due to illegal activity. 15. Labour Dispute Resolution Committees In March 2018, Qatar established Labour Dispute Resolution Committees with the aim of improving access to justice by settling labour disputes within three weeks of a migrant worker filing a complaint. 16. Grievances Reporting The government also has channels available for individuals to report grievances against their employer. A 24/7 hotline has been set-up for workers and 11 electronic kiosks have been set-up in locations across Qatar (operating in 11 languages) for workers to file anonymous complaints. Migrants’ Responsibilities in Qatar As a migrant in Qatar, you bear the responsibility to comply with the laws and regulations of the country and respecting its cultural norms and values. You are also responsible for contributing positively to the Qatari society. You should take proactive steps to understand and adhere to local customs. Some of your responsibilities in Qatar are: 1. Abide by Rules You must abide by the rules and regulations of your workplace. The regulations typically are displayed in a visible area in the workplace. You must learn the basic norms and laws of Qatar, including traffic rules. For example, you must always use the zebra crossing or the overhead bridge to cross a road. 2. Informing Employer About Leaves If you want to take leave from your job (for personal reasons or vacation), make sure you inform your employer beforehand. Taking an extended leave without telling your employer could be cause for terminating your contract. Take care of your health. If you are sick and cannot go to work, go for a check-up and take a rest. But remember to inform your employer or supervisor as soon as possible and obtain a medical certificate (report) after the check-up. 3. Taking Care of your Health Many workers die from cardiac arrest due to simultaneous exposure to extreme heat and extreme cold. If you work outdoors, do not turn the air conditioner very high immediately after returning to your room. Take precautions to avoid contacting HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. 4. Engagement in Prohibited Activities Do not consume illegal drugs or alcohol, Do not gamble or engage in political events. These activities are banned and considered unlawful in Qatar. 5. Returning to India You must return to your country once your contract expires. If you are dismissed (fired) or if you are declared unfit for work, you might be repatriated to India. Your employer must provide you with a return airplane ticket unless you resign or are dismissed. If your contract mentions it, your employer may also provide you an airplane ticket to travel for your annual leave. Customs regulations You should follow the custom regulations of Qatar when going into the country. Tobacco allowance: 400 cigarettes. Personal items and gifts up to a maximum value of INR 68,700. Imports of alcohol and narcotics are prohibited.

Women: · Qatari women usually cover most of the body, from head to foot, wearing a traditional black over garment (abaya). · Foreign women can wear western dresses. However, they must dress conservatively. Men: · Arab men dress in a thobe, a loose, ankle-length robe. They usually opt for casual wear during informal occasions or at the beach. · Foreign men are not expected to dress similarly. However, they should avoid wearing shorts and sleevless shirts in public.

India and Qatar's evolving partnership, grounded in historical ties and mutual respect, has grown from traditional trade to a strong, modern collaboration across energy, infrastructure, and technology sectors. The substantial Indian diaspora in Qatar further strengthens this bond, fostering cultural exchange and solidifying personal connections. This dynamic relationship offers exciting opportunities for Indian professionals in a land that champions growth and diversity.

Qatar experiences a subtropical desert climate, characterized by minimal annual rainfall, hot and humid summers, and mild winters with average yearly rainfall not surpassing 75.2mm. Summer temperatures typically vary between 25°C and 46°C.

Ministries and Government Departments: From 7 a.m. to 2 p.m Private Companies and Establishments: From 8 a.m. to 12 p.m. and from 4 p.m. to 8 p.m. Friday and Saturday are the official weekend in Qatar.

There are two ways to find work opportunities in Qatar. 1. National Skill Development Corporation Indian workers seeking employment in Qatar can explore job opportunities through National Skill Development Corporation International’s job portal (https://www.nsdcinternational.com/looking-for-jobs). 2. Indian Recruiting Agents (RAs) Indian Recruitment Agencies (IRAs) act as intermediaries for potential workers seeking employment in Qatar. They assist in job placement, obtaining necessary travel and employment documents, and clarifying employment contract terms. Most job opportunities for migrants in Qatar are in the construction and domestic work sectors, offering salaries higher than in India, albeit with longer working hours. To avoid fraudulent agents, seek a registered agent. A Registered agent will have a Registration Certificate (RC) issued by the Protector General of Emigrants (PGE) prominently displayed at a noticeable place in their office premises. Note: RAs are not allowed to employ sub-agents. Be sure to not deal with such sub-agents. How to identify a Registered RA Here are a few indicators of a registered RA. a. Registered RAs have an office with at least 50 square meters of space, equipped with amenities like a waiting hall, interview room, and internet. b. Registered RAs have a signboard showing their name, registration number, and year of registration. c. Registered recruiting agencies can charge a maximum of Rs. 20,000 in fees from migrants needing an Emigration Clearance. Charges exceeding this amount can be reported on the e-Migrate or MADAD portal. Responsibilities of RAs (Ministry of External Affairs, 2022) 1. The RA is required to issue a receipt for any payments made by you. 2. It is obliged to provide detailed employment information, including contract conditions, prior to recruitment. 3. The RA should ensure that the employer properly receives you upon arrival in Qatar. 4. It must guarantee that the employer does not modify the terms of the employment contract post-employment. 5. The RA is responsible for ensuring the employer adheres to the employment contract's terms and conditions. 6. It is required to ensure the employer timely renews any documents necessary for your stay in the employment country. 7. The RA should facilitate the peaceful resolution of any disputes between you and the employer. Complaints against RAs Complaints of overcharging or cheating can be lodged with: Protector General of Emigrants (PGE) Email: pge@mea.gov.in Address: 10th Floor, Akbar Bhavan, Chankyapuri, New Delhi - 110021 eMigrate website www.emigrate.gov.in/ MADAD Portal https://madad.gov.in/AppConsular/welcomeLink

Here’s everything you need to know about living in Qatar as an Indian migrant.

Public life in Qatar is characterised by Qatari Majlis (gatherings), including the recitation of poetry and historical narrative. In addition, Qatar’s pearl hunting tradition was accompanied by celebrations and music that are still popular today. Qataris folkloric dances like Al Ardah are performed during various celebrations and occasions. Calligraphy and architecture have historically been the most dominant forms of visual arts in Qatar. However, in recent decades, the fine art scene has expanded quickly, with the establishment of the Qatari Fine Arts Society. The Qatar Museums Authority plays an important role in promoting cultural activities and Qatar is home to an array of museums and galleries, including the Museum of Islamic Art and Mathaf Arab Museum of Modern Art. Qatar joined the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in 2011 and is home to the World Heritage site - Al Zubarah Archaeological site. In addition, the country participates in a wide scope of cultural activities, hosting and sponsoring both local and international events.

Traditional Qatari cuisine, rich in spices like cinnamon, cardamom, saffron, and ingredients such as nuts, limes, and dried apricots, reflects its deep-rooted trade history with Asia and the Middle East. Some popular Qatari dishes include: Ma chbūs: Regarded as Qatar's national dish, it is a one-pot meal of slow-cooked lamb or chicken with rice often accompanied by Daqoos, a local tomato garlic sauce. Balaleet: It is a sweet and sour vermicelli breakfast dish. Made with vermicelli and sugar, cardamom, saffron, and rose water, it is often topped with an omelette. Harees: Harees, a one-pot dish of rice, lentils, and meat with a porridge-like consistency, is a hearty meal often served as an entrée or side dish. It can be mildly or heavily spiced to taste, typically with cumin, ginger, and cinnamon. Traditionally cooked over firewood, Harees is now commonly made in casseroles, rice cookers, or slow cookers. Luqaimat: Luqaimat are bite-sized, fried sweet dough dumplings, crispy outside and fluffy inside, made from semolina, flour, salt, and water, and deep-fried to a golden brown. Qatayef: Qatayef are semolina pancakes, often crescent-shaped, filled with white cheese or nuts and fried or baked, then soaked in rose sugar syrup. Popular during Ramadan, they are a common choice for breaking the fast at Iftar. Regag: Regag, a paper-thin flatbread made from wheat flour, salt, and water, is crisply baked and commonly served with toppings like fresh cheese, honey, Nutella, or curry. Shakshuka: Shakshuka, a beloved breakfast dish, features soft-cooked eggs poached in a spiced tomato sauce. Seasonings vary, with cumin, paprika, nutmeg, and red pepper flakes often used, and some recipes include fennel, coriander, garlic, onions, and peppers. Umm Ali: Umm Ali is a classic bread pudding with filo pastry, sweetened milk, and flavors like rose and orange blossom water, topped with almonds, pistachios, and raisins.

Following the adoption of the new labour laws in August 2020, migrant workers now can change jobs without needing a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from their employers. This historic move is expected to increase labour mobility as Qatar transitions towards a knowledge-based economy. For employers, this means easy hiring of skilled staff locally, while for workers this means greater flexibility.

Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC): PHCC centres offer primary healthcare services to all Qatar residents, including migrant workers. They provide general healthcare services, vaccinations, and basic medical consultations. Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC): HMC is the main provider of secondary and tertiary healthcare in Qatar. HMC manages 12 hospitals – nine specialist hospitals and three community hospitals – as well as the National Ambulance Service and home and residential care services. Private Healthcare Sector: There are private hospitals and clinics available in Qatar that cater to both locals and expatriates, but they might be more expensive. Emergencies You can dial 999 for emergency medical services, which include the police, fire department and ambulance services. Emergency operators will usually be able to speak both English and Arabic, although it’s best to learn a few basic words and phrases in Arabic. Health Cards You can apply for a health card to access services at any of PHCC’s health centres and Hamad Medical Corporation’s healthcare facilities or hospitals. To obtain a health card, visit the nearest PHCC’s health centre to your residence. There you need to fill out the appropriate forms. You will be issued a PHCC health file number. Please take with you: a. A valid Qatar Identification Card (QID), b. 4cmx3cm photo, and c. Credit/debit card to pay the 2290 INR fees. The card is the same size as a driving license. It contains your ID number, nationality, photo, and date of issue. The card does not provide free access to public healthcare services; however, it allows you to receive a subsidy on consultations or non-emergency treatments. Holders of a health card can also buy prescribed medicines from a government-run pharmacy at subsidized rates. Pharmacies Pharmacies often stay open till late into the evening and some run 24-hours. They usually operate from 9.30am until 1pm, and then from 4.30pm to 8.30pm, Saturday through Thursday.

Legal Procedures and Assistance a. Qatari laws and customs differ significantly from those in India. b. If detained or arrested, inform police or prison officials to contact the Indian Embassy in Doha. Drug & Medication Regulations a. Avoid using or carrying illegal drugs due to severe penalties, including long jail terms. b. Authorities may detain and deport individuals carrying medication for HIV and hepatitis. When bringing controlled/prescription medication, use original packaging and carry the prescription. c. Avoid carrying large quantities, as some medications may be considered illegal. Alcohol Regulations a. Drinking alcohol or being drunk in public is against the law in Qatar. b. Penalties include potential imprisonment or deportation. Legal Consequences of Sexual Activities a. Sex outside of marriage is illegal, and victims of sexual assault may face legal consequences such as seven years in jail or 100 lashes. b. In case of sexual assault, seek consular help from the Indian Embassy immediately. c. Public displays of affection can result in arrest. d. Homosexual behaviour is illegal in Qatar. Dress Code and Behaviour: a. Qatar has conservative dress codes, cover shoulders and knees in public places. b. Check specific dress codes for venues such as tourist attractions, malls, and government buildings. Obscene Acts a. Swearing and rude gestures are considered obscene acts, leading to possible jail or deportation. b. Exercise caution when interacting with police and officials. Photography and Filming Regulations a. Avoid filming or photographing people without permission. b. Filming sensitive areas, including religious, military, or security sites, may lead to arrest. Online Conduct 1. Refrain from commenting on Qatari culture, government policies, or services online. 2. Activities such as reviewing hotel or restaurant experiences on social media may be considered cybercrime. 3. Financial Crimes 4. Financial crimes like fraud, bounced cheques, and non-payment of bills can lead to imprisonment and/or fines. 5. Prohibited Items 6. Forbidden imports include narcotics, alcohol, pornography, pork products, and religious books. 7. DVDs and videos are subject to scrutiny, and electronic cigarettes are prohibited. Identification • Always carry your passport in Qatar. Ramadan Etiquette • During Ramadan, refrain from eating, drinking, or smoking in public to avoid causing offense. Voting Rights of Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) a. There is no provision of voting by post or voting at an Indian Mission abroad for Indian citizens living in abroad. There is no provision of online voting. b. You can register as an Overseas/NRI voter by submitting Form 6A available on the Election Commission of India website (https://eci.gov.in/voter/overseas-electors/). You should be a citizen of India, absent from the country owing to employment and have not acquired citizenship of any other country and are otherwise eligible to be registered as a voter in the address mentioned in your passport. c. An overseas elector is not issued an EPIC. d. You will be allowed to vote in person at the polling station on production of your original passport.

Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PKVY) offers youth industry-relevant skill training through NSDC's Skill India International Centres across the country, focusing on sectors like domestic work, retail, tourism, healthcare, and more, complemented by Pre-Departure Orientation Training for cultural, language, and local knowledge of the destination country.

When migrating to a foreign country it is very important to keep your money safe. Bank account offers one of the safest options to keep your money safe while also earning a small interest. It is recommended that Indians migrating abroad for work should open a Non-Resident External (NRE) account in India before leaving India. Both public & private banks provide the option of opening a NRE account. You can choose banks which have a branch in Qatar like State Bank of India (SBI) or Bank of Baroda (BOB). You can use the account to send money from Qatar to your family in India. The foreign currency will be converted into Rupees. The NRE account is not taxable in India.

Moving to a new country by yourself can be a challenging change for an individual which can cause significant stress. Here are some simple ways to keep your mental health in check. 1. Give yourself some time to adjust to the new country, people & work. 2. Keep in touch with your family and friends back at home. 3. You should acknowledge your emotions, rather than suppressing them. Keep checking in with yourself & mindfully address any thought that is causing you stress. 4. Have a problem-solving attitude rather than pondering over the problem for long periods. 5. Engage in recreational activities both physical and creative to relax and rejuvenate yourself. 6. You can see a mental health professional like a counsellor or psychologist to maintain or improve your mental health. There are certain stigmas associated with seeking professional help. You should know that it is okay to seek help when required to live a happy life.

You need to have a Qatari bank account to work in Qatar. You can open a bank account yourself or your employer can do it on your behalf. Based on the following factors, you can go for a National or an International bank account. 1. Minimum monthly balance requirement 2. International debit card charges 3. Cash withdrawal charges 4. Interest rates 5. Online banking, phone banking, mobile banking, and SMS alerts Some banks you can go for are: a. HSBC Bank b. Doha Bank c. Qatar National Bank

1. Record-Keeping: Maintain records of payments, leaves, reimbursements, savings, and expenses. 2. Banking: Ensure salaries are banked for security, interest gains, and easy family remittances. 3. Budgeting: Plan for savings, expenses, emergencies, insurance, and family transfers to manage finances effectively. 4. Investing: Consult your bank for safe investment options to grow your savings. 5. Debt Management: Avoid debt; only borrow when necessary and repay promptly. 6. Document Caution: Never sign blank documents; always read and understand content before signing.

As a migrant working in a different country, keeping in touch with your family can help fight the feelings of alienation and estrangement. 1. Get a Qatari SIM once you reach the country. The main network providers are Ooredoo and Vodafone. To acquire a post-paid contract, you will need a letter from you employer or sponsor, while buying a prepaid SIM card requires a residence permit. 2. Pre-paid mobile services in Qatar are significantly cheaper than post-paid contracts. 3. You can share the number of your employer with your family in India before you leave and carry the number of all your family with you to Qatar. 4. You can share your number for Qatar with your family once you have received it. You may provide the number of your co-workers, after receiving their permission, to your family to ensure that they can get in touch with you in situations of emergency. 5. You can connect with your family over social media such as WhatsApp or Facebook once you have gained access to the Internet.

The Australian flag, also known as Commonwealth Blue Ensign, has three main elements: a. Union Jack: Positioned in the canton (upper left quadrant), it acknowledges Australia's British heritage. b. Southern Cross: A constellation prominent in the southern hemisphere, its five stars (including the smaller Epsilon Crucis) appear in the first and third quarters. c. Commonwealth Star: A seven-pointed star in the lower hoist signifies the six states and the combined territories.

Canberra is the capital city of Australia, with Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, Hobart and Darwin being some major cities.

Here are the rights of immigrants in Australia that you should be aware about. 1. Immigrants have the right to work in Australia, regardless of their nationality or immigration status. 2. Minimum employment standard: Employees in Australia (including immigrants) are entitled to basic minimum employment standards, including: Authorised leave, such as annual leave, sick leave, and personal/carer's leave Breaks during the workday, such as a meal break and a rest break Superannuation, which is a retirement savings scheme Notice of termination, which is the amount of notice that an employer must give an employee before terminating their employment Minimum wage, which is set by the Fair Work Act. 3. Immigrants have the right to own and rent property in Australia, including houses, apartments, and businesses. 4. They have the right to access government services, such as education, healthcare, and social security as an immigrant in Australia. 5. Immigrants have the right to a fair trial if you are accused of a crime. This right is guaranteed by the Australian Constitution. 6. Immigrants have the right to freedom of speech and assembly, just like all other Australians. 7. Immigrants have the right to be treated equally under Australian law. You cannot be discriminated against based on your nationality, immigration status, or other personal characteristics.

Australians have a strong community spirit, with 93% reporting having someone to rely on in times of need, surpassing the OECD average of 91%. This is attributed to Australia's multicultural society, egalitarian values, and low crime rate.

1. e-Migrate: You can visit the e-Migrate website (https://emigrate.gov.in/) for the seeking assistance for issues related to living and working abroad. 2. Pravasi Bharatiya Sahayta Kendra (PBSK): PBSK is a facilitation centre that provides support services to persons desirous of going abroad for employment purposes. 3. Protector General of Emigrants (PGE): Protector General of Emigrants (PGE) in the Ministry of External Affairs is the authority responsible for protecting the interests of Indian workers proceeding abroad for employment purposes. 4. Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PKVY): Under PKVY, Indian workers can receive Pre-Departure Orientation Training familiarising migrant workers with the destination country’s culture, language, traditions and local rules and regulations. The workers receive a certificate officially stating that they have received PDOT for going abroad. 5. Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY): Before applying for Emigration clearance (EC), on eMigrate, it is important to take Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY).

The 2022 Skills Priority List (SPL) report by the Australian National Skills Commission highlights occupation groups facing shortages: a. Health Professionals: There's been a 47% increase in demand, indicating a significant shortage in this sector in 2022. b. Technicians and Trades Workers: Notably low vacancy fill rates are seen in automotive and engineering trades, construction, and electrotechnology and telecommunications trades. c. Teachers: Shortages, especially in Early Childhood, Primary, and Secondary School teaching, are challenging the labour market. This is compounded by an aging teaching workforce, with many nearing retirement.

Australia, since 1994, has a universal visa system where all non-citizens must have a visa, either applied for or granted by law. Visas on arrival are not available, except for New Zealand citizens. Under the Migration Regulations 1994, specific groups are recognized as having valid visas without undergoing the standard process: a. Passport holders from 36 eVisitor countries (EU member states, four EFTA (European Free Trade Association) member states, the UK, and four European microstates) and 34 ETA-eligible countries. b. New Zealand citizens under the Special Category Visa through the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement. c. Certain foreign military and government-related visitors eligible for the special purpose visa.

It's essential to have a valid passport for any international travel. Since the passport application process can take several months, it's advisable to apply for one as soon as you begin looking for overseas work opportunities. Visit the Passport Seva website (https://www.passportindia.gov.in/AppOnlineProject/welcomeLink#) to apply for a fresh passport or renew your old one.

In line with common Western practices, Australians typically consume three meals a day. With over 65% of the population being non-vegetarian, meat and seafood are some common food preferences. However, with rising globalization, a significant group of Australians have adopted vegetarianism and veganism, giving migrants plenty of non-meat options to choose from.

A flight from India to Australia takes around 10-12 hours on average.

Here are some things you can do if you are in distress when in Australia: A. Contact the Indian High Commission in Australia The Indian High Commission in Australia is responsible for protecting the interests of Indian citizens in Australia. They can provide assistance in a variety of situations, including: 1. If you have been a victim of crime 2. If you are in financial difficulty 3. If you have lost your passport or other important documents 4. If you need help finding accommodation or transportation 5. If you need medical assistance 6. If you need help getting in touch with your family back home B. Contact the Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF) The Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF) is a fund that provides financial assistance to Indian citizens in need while they are overseas. The ICWF can help with expenses such as medical care, transportation, and repatriation. ICWF aims to provide the following services to the emigrant workers: 1. Boarding and lodging for distressed Overseas Indian workers in household/ domestic sectors and unskilled labourers. 2. Extending emergency medical care to Overseas Indians in need. 3. Helping distressed NRI women. 4. Providing air passage to stranded Overseas Indians in need. 5. Providing initial legal assistance to Overseas Indians in deserving cases. 6. Paying small fines/ penalties in deserving cases. 7. Extended help on accidental and for airlifting of mortal remains to India or local cremation/burial of the deceased Overseas Indians where the sponsor is unable or unwilling to do so as per the contract and the family is not able to meet the cost. Documents required for transportation of mortal remains Power of attorney and consent from the legal heir Clinical death certificate Embalming certificate Passport for cancellation NOC from the Indian Mission/Post To apply for assistance from the ICWF, you will need to contact the Indian High Commission or one of the consulates in Australia. C. MADAD Portal As a Indian Migrant, you can login to the MADAD portal to register your grievances and seek redressal. It seeks to address grievances on issues related to workers abuse, sexual abuse, recruiting agents, sponsorship and contract issues, repatriation of Indian nationals, tracing whereabouts of Indian nationals, death/injury compensation, transportation of mortal remains of deceased Indian nationals, marital dispute issues and other issues. You or your family member can directly register your grievances on the portal (madad@gov.in). D. Contact the Australian government The Australian government also provides a number of services to people in distress, including: 1. The National Debt Helpline (1800-007-007) can provide advice and support to people who are in financial difficulty. Link: https://ndh.org.au/about-national-debt-helpline/contact-us/ 2. The National Relay Service can provide a telephone service for people who are deaf or have hearing or speech impairments. Link: https://www.accesshub.gov.au/about-the-nrs 3. The Lifeline Australia crisis support phone line (131114) can provide support to people who are experiencing emotional distress. Link: https://www.lifeline.org.au/131114/ 4. The Australian Red Cross can provide assistance to people who have been affected by a disaster or emergency. Link: https://www.redcross.org.au/ Remember, you are not alone. There are people who can help you if you are in distress.

The Indian diaspora in Australia is one of the country's fastest-growing migrant groups. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics (2021 Census)xxxviii, 783,958 people in Australia declared Indian ancestry, representing 3.1% of the Australian population. Indian Australians come from a diverse range of backgrounds and regions, with the largest groups coming from Punjab, Gujarat, and Kerala. Some of the Indian organisations / associations in Australia are: a. Federation of Indian Music and Dance Victoria: It is a coalition of Indian music and dance schools led by eminent artistes and teachers of Indian fine arts in Victoria. b. India – Australia Association of Canberra (IAAC): It’s a voluntary, incorporated organisation based in Canberra. It has been providing community services in Canberra and its surrounding regions from 1973 onwards. Serving to remove barriers and facilitate relationships between the Indian and Australian cultural communities. c. Gujarati Association of Victoria (GAV): (Gujarati Samaj) Gujarati Association of Victoria (GAV) (Gujarati Samaj) is a non-profit cultural organisation setup (Est. 1982) in the State of Victoria, Australia, to promote the cultural heritage of Gujarat – a state from India. d. Federation of Indian Associations of Victoria (FIAV): It was formed in 1989 by a group of resident Indian migrants of long-standing and repute that was keen to bring all the various regional, cultural and lingual Indian groups together under the one umbrella organization.

Australian dollar (AUD) is the official currency of Australia.

Australia, identified by the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) as one of the top destination for Indian workers, offers approximately 54,000 job opportunities. If you're in India and considering employment in Australia, consider these avenues: a. National Skill Development Corporation International job portal Since its inception in 2021, National Skill Development Corporation International (NSDCI) has played a vital role in enabling International Workforce Mobility through strategic engagements with foreign governments, dedicated training programs, and inclusive digital and on-ground initiatives. Indian workers seeking employment in Australia can explore job opportunities through National Skill Development Corporation International’s job portal: https://www.nsdcinternational.com/looking-for-jobs. You can create an account on the portal to register for the talent pool for international job opportunities in future. b. Indian Recruiting Agents (RAs) Indian Recruitment Agencies (IRAs) act as intermediaries connecting potential workers with Australian employers. They assist with job placement, travel, employment documentation, and understanding employment contracts. Ensure you engage with licensed agencies to avoid scams. For more information, visit the Ministry of External Affairs' website at MEA Recruitment Agencies. Complaints of overcharging or cheating can be lodged with: For FAQs in relation to complaint against RA you should check the Ministry of External Affair’s website: https://mea.gov.in/complaints-against-recruiting-agents.htm

About 68% of Australian households own their homes, but high prices, especially in cities, make buying challenging. The rental market is tight with high demand and low supply, resulting in high rents and difficulty finding accommodations, especially in urban areas. Migrants to Australia should be prepared for flexibility in housing choices.

Australia offers a variety of visas for different purposes: 1. Visitor Visa: For tourists or those visiting family in Australia. 2. Study and Training Visa: Not limited to full-time students, this includes short courses, degrees, language learning, and vocational training. Some study visas can be extended for work or travel, allowing a longer stay. 3. Family and Partner Visa: Designed to reunite immediate and extended family members with their Australian relatives or spouses. 4. Working and Skilled Visa: For skilled individuals or families aiming to migrate permanently to fill skill shortages in Australia. This includes points-tested visas under the General Skilled Migration program, which can be independent, state/territory-sponsored, or family-sponsored. 5. Refugee and Humanitarian Visa: A long-term residence permit for refugees under the Special Humanitarian Programme (SHP). It allows living, working, and studying indefinitely in Australia. The SHP includes Offshore Resettlement and Onshore Protection visa categories. Important Visas Study Visa (Subclass 500) Allows students to live, study, and work in Australia for up to five years. Students can usually work 40 hours per fortnight during term time and unlimited hours during breaks. Currently, there's a temporary allowance for students to work beyond this limit and start working upon arrival in Australia. Working and Skilled Visa For skilled individuals or families seeking permanent migration to address skill shortages in Australia. These visas, part of the General Skilled Migration program, are points tested and may be independent, state/territory sponsored, or family-sponsored. Some important visa subclasses in this category include: a. Employer Nomination Scheme (Subclass 186): For skilled workers nominated by an employer to live and work permanently in Australia. b. Global Talent Visa (Subclass 858): A streamlined pathway for highly skilled professionals in ten future-focused sectors to live and work permanently in Australia. c. Skilled Independent Visa (Subclass 189): For invited workers with needed skills to live and work permanently in Australia. This is a points-based visa. d. Skilled Nominated Visa (Subclass 190): For nominated skilled workers to live and work as permanent residents in Australia. Applicants can also sponsor eligible relatives. e. Skilled-Recognised Graduate Visa (Subclass 476): For recent engineering graduates to live, work, or study in Australia for up to 18 months. Applicants must be under 31 and have completed a relevant degree within the past two years.

1. Immigrants are expected to comply with Australian immigration laws, as outlined by the Australian Department of Home Affairs. 2. Immigrants have a responsibility to pay taxes in Australia, just like all other Australian residents. 3. All residents, including immigrants, are expected to adhere to the law, ensuring the safety and security of themselves and others. 4. Immigrants are encouraged to embrace and respect Australian values, which include freedom, democracy, equality, and the rule of law. 5. Immigrants should make efforts to understand and appreciate Australia's multicultural landscape including respecting their cultural diversity, and being open to learning about the traditions, customs, and beliefs of others. 6. Immigrants are encouraged to actively participate in their local communities and contribute positively to Australian society. 7. Immigrants should be environmentally conscious, reducing waste, conserving resources, and supporting sustainable practices.

In May 2023, full-time adult average weekly ordinary time earnings and full-time average weekly total earnings both increased by 3.8% compared to the previous year. Full-time workers consistently earned more than their part-time counterparts. Males experienced a 3.5% increase in their full-time adult average weekly ordinary time earnings, while females saw a slightly higher increase of 4.6%. Additionally, the 3.2% increase in average weekly total earnings for all employees underscores the overall positive economic climate, with wages rising for most workers. The data on average wages in Australia for May 2023 paints a picture of a growing economy with rising wages. The overall positive yearly changes in earnings indicate economic stability and opportunity for workers.

Australia boasts a world-class healthcare system, providing access to high-quality drinking water and clean air. The public healthcare system, Medicare, ensures universal access to essential services (https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/settling-in-australia/settle-in-australia/key-settlement-topics/health-and-wellbeing). Private health insurance is available for additional services like private hospital and dental care.

Here are key things to remember for a smooth journey to Australia: a. Obtain Your Documents  1. Ensure your passport and visa are ready well in advance. 2. Make two copies of your ID documents; leave one with your family in India. 3. Get your power of attorney and original employment contract from the Indian Recruitment Agency (IRA). 4. Collect necessary travel documents including airline tickets, work permit, and residence permit from IRA. 5. Complete a medical examination and obtain a medical certificate. b. things to pack for your journey 1. Pack clothing and shoes suitable for Australia's upcoming weather. 2. Bring a sufficient supply of allowed general and prescription medicines, personal hygiene items, and snacks for initial days. 3. Organize important documents in a folder and keep it within easy reach. 4. Check your airline's baggage allowance and ensure your luggage is within the limit.

In Australia, skilled migration visas are allocated using a points-based system. Applicants must first express interest via an online Expression of Interest (EOI) on the SkillSelect portal. If selected, they are invited to apply formally for a visa. The application requires meeting a minimum points threshold, assessing skills and likelihood of success in Australia. Points are awarded for the following factors. The below table shows points based on various parameters: In general, applicants need to score at least 65 points to be invited to apply. You can also use the Australian government's points calculator (https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/tools/points-calculator) to get an estimate of how many points you would score under the Australian points test. This can help you to identify areas where you can improve your score.

Australia enjoys a quality environment with low pollution levels but faces challenges like climate change and bushfires. The country is experiencing more extreme weather, rising sea levels, and changes in ecosystems. Bushfires, common due to the hot, dry climate, cause significant damage to property, infrastructure, and wildlife.

English is the national language of Australia. However, around 300 different languages, including many Indigenous languages are spoken in the country. Some of the most popular ones include Mandarin, Arabic, Cantonese, Vietnamese and Italian.

Australia Day, is the official National Day of Australia, celebrated on 26th January every year. It marks the first permanent European settlement on the continent.

Australia's domestic economic policies are designed to foster a competitive, adaptable, and robust economy. Internationally, the country strives to enhance prosperity both at home and globally. Key focuses of Australia's economic diplomacy include promoting investment, tackling trade barriers not related to tariffs, assisting businesses, championing a rules-based global system, and strengthening connections in science, technology, and innovation. These efforts are a primary concern for its diplomatic network. Trade and investment at a glance (as per latest published data on Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, DFAT website) a. GDP in 2019-20 was valued at $2 trillion b. Since 1992, the Australian economy has grown faster than any other major developed country c. Record trade in 2019-20 $873 billion (1 in 5 jobs rely on trade) d. Record exports in 2019-20 $475 billion (1 in 7 jobs rely on exports) e. $77 billion trade surplus in 2019-20, an Australian record

Australia, surrounded by the Indian and Pacific Oceans, is a vast country known for its opportunities, natural beauty, and high living standards. It's a hub for global work opportunities. Home to 10% of the world's biodiversity, Australia boasts unique wildlife and indigenous plants. The country's landscape ranges from tropical rainforests in the north to red deserts in the center and snowfields in the southeast. Many of these places are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Culturally diverse, Australia excels in food, arts, and a creative economy that reflects its rich heritage. The country is also known for its achievements in research, design, innovation, and science, alongside a love for sports and outdoor activities.

Australia offers a good work-life balance with paid leave and flexible work arrangements like part-time work and telecommuting. However, some sectors, like finance and healthcare, often have long working hours, and there's pressure to work extra hours for career advancement.

Transportation in Australia is a diverse system that includes various modes of travel, primarily geared towards urban centers but also extending to regional and remote areas. In urban areas, trains, buses, trams, and ferries are the most commonly available public modes of transport. Taxis are the most preferred method of private rides. For long distance travel, you can opt for trains, buses, and domestic airlines. You can also drive in Australia, if you own a valid overseas driver’s license. Please note that Australians drive on the left side of the road.

supporting sustainable practices. Navigating your financial journey in Australia can be smooth with the right steps. Here's a structured guide to help you manage your finances effectively: 1. Setting Up a Non-Resident External (NRE) Account Before moving abroad, safeguarding your finances is crucial. Opening a Non-Resident External (NRE) account with either public or private banks in India is advisable. Opt for banks with branches in Australia, such as State Bank of India (SBI), Bank of Baroda (BOB), or Union Bank of India (UBI). This account allows you to transfer money from Australia to India, converting foreign currency into Rupees, while enjoying tax-free status in India. 2. Mastering Online Banking Familiarize yourself with your bank's online services. Learn to navigate account access, balance checks, fund transfers, and online bill payments. Implement robust security measures like strong passwords and two-factor authentication to protect against online fraud. Embrace digital payments and mobile wallets for convenient, cashless transactions. 3. Effective Money Management a. Setting Financial Goals: Discuss and set clear financial objectives with your family, such as purchasing assets (like a goat for milk production) or long-term plans (like house construction). b. Budgeting and Saving: Allocate a portion of your income to savings immediately upon receiving your salary. Seek advice from your bank on low-risk, high-return saving options. Create a monthly budget, distinguishing between wants and needs, to ensure spending within your means. c. Tracking Expenditures: Continuously monitor your spending to adhere to your budget and identify potential areas for cost reduction. d. Emergency Fund and Insurance: Regularly contribute to an emergency fund for unforeseen situations like theft or illness. Additionally, securing insurance is essential to mitigate financial risks. 4. Remittance Options from Australia to India Choosing the right remittance channel depends on factors like speed, cost, and convenience. Here are some options: a. Online Money Transfer Services: Services like Wise, Revoult, and Remitly offer competitive rates and lower fees. Registration is online, and transfers can be made via bank accounts or cards. b. Bank Transfers: Direct bank transfers are secure but may involve higher fees and less favorable exchange rates. c. Money Transfer Operators: Western Union and MoneyGram provide fast cash pickup options but might have higher fees. d. Mobile Wallets: Platforms like Paytm or Google Pay allow direct transfers to Indian mobile wallets. e. Foreign Exchange Brokers: Suitable for large amounts, offering competitive rates. f. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Transfers: Can be favorable but less reliable. When selecting a remittance method, consider the transaction amount, recipient's preference, urgency, and overall costs. Prioritize choosing a reputable service for secure transactions.

1. Credibility and Global Recognition: NSDC International is a credible source, recognised globally for its high standards. The NSDC name is synonymous with quality education, making it a trusted choice for millions. 2. Government Association: NSDC International benefits from strong governmental support. This association enhances its credibility and ensures high standards of education. 
 3. Nominal Pricing & Skill Loan Provision: Our courses are offered at nominal prices, making high-quality language education accessible to everyone. This pricing is significantly lower than what's available on the market, providing exceptional value for the investment. We further empower learners by offering skill loans to help them overcome financial hurdles. 4. Comprehensive Curriculum and Industry Partnerships: NSDC International offers a comprehensive curriculum designed in collaboration with industry partners. By tying up with industry leaders, we ensure that our courses are relevant, up-to-date and tailored to meet the specific needs of the global workforce. 5. Trusted by Many: With many satisfied learners, NSDC International has built a reputation for excellence and reliability. Our proven track record speaks to the effectiveness and quality of our programmes.

Global opportunities come to those who can build global connections by surpassing communication barriers. Learning a new language will help you in the following ways: Expand your reach to new countries Make you stand out among 1000s of candidates Explore a new culture Fit in better in a foreign country Connect with influential people from different cultures Move a step ahead in your career advancement journey